86 ULTIMA THULE; OR, inhabited before the time of Ingulph; wherefore, tho’ I have said enough upon this Head for the Satisfaction of unbyass’d Persons; yet will I not think it beyond the purpose, to alledge some undeniable Reasons for the Proof thereof, viz., That Iseland was Inhabited before that time. I have by me two Chronicles of Greenland written in Danish, one in Yerse, the other in Prose. That written in Terse, begins with the year 770, when it says Greenland was first discovered. The other assures us, That the Person, that went first from Norway into Greenland pass’d through Iseland, and tells us, expressly, That Iseland was Inhabited at that time; whence it is evident, that Iseland was not first of all Inhabited in the year 874.” “ Angrim Jonas will perhaps object, That my Danish Chronicles don’t agree with that of Iseland, which says, That Greenland was not discovered till the year 982; nor inhabited till 986. But I must tell him, That my Danish Chronicles are founded upon tho Authority of Ansgarius, a great Prelate, a Native of France, who has been acknowledged the first Apostle of the Northern World. He was made Archbishop of Samborough, by Lewis the Mild, his Jurisdiction extended from the River Elbe, all over the Frozen Sea ; the Emperor’s Patent, constituting the said Ansgarius the first Archbishop of Samborough, are dated in the year 834, and were confirmed by Pope Gregory IY.’s Bull in 835. The true Copy, both of the Patent and of the Bull, are to be seen in the 4th Book of Pontanus his Danish History of the year 834, where it is expressly said in the Patent, That the Gates of the Gospel are set open, and that Jesus Christ had been revealed both in Iceland and Greenland; for which the Emperor gives his most humble Thanks to God.” “ Two Inferences are to be made from thence: First, That Iseland was inhabited by Christians in the year 834, and consequently 40 years before the arrival of Ingulph there: Secondly, That Greenland was inhabited by Christians in the same year, 834. Which agrees with my Danish Chronicle, where the first discovery of Greenland is fix’d to the year 770.1 Angrim Jonas being put to a nonplus, tells us, That he questions the authority of the Bull of Gregory IT. alledged by Pontanus, which he would fain make us believe, is supposititious; but to be plain with him, I think he has taken a Notion of maintaining the Credit of his Native Country, by adhering too strictly to the Authority of its Chronicles ; whereas it would have been more for his Reputation, not to have insisted so much upon that Authority, than to rob this Isle of the glory of its Antiquity; who is so ignorant, as not to know, that the Age wherein Ingulph lived, was not very barbarous ? The Goths having carried the same together with their Arms throughout all Europe; whoever should go about to persuade me, into a Belief of all what is inserted in the Ancient Chronicles of these barbarous Ages, might as soon make me believe the 1 Popular history, it has been seen, attributes the exploration to Eirikr RauS (Eric the Red) in a.d. 982, some five centuries before the days of Columbus. Captain Graah, of whom more presently, speaks of a papal Bull by Nicholas V., who in A.D. 1448 declares Christianity in Greenland to date from 600 years back, thus removing the colonisation to a.d. 848. We have ample materials for de- termining the exact limits of the Northmen’s explorations by their precising the length of the day. For instance, at Vinland the sun at the winter solstice was above the horizon from Dagmal (7.30 A.M.) to Eykt (4.30 P.H.), which gives nine hours = N. lat. 41°.

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(418) Fore Edge
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