Appendix. *55 provided with good pack-boxes in which to keep his clothes; for the stores the pack-boxes which he will be able to hire will be good enough, supposing that his provisions, which would be damaged by water, are packed in strong, wide-mouthed bottles, or water-tight tins. The boxes in which we kept our clothes were made from instructions furnished by Mr. Charles G. Warnford Lock, in his work, the ‘ Home of the Eddas,’ and which answered so admirably, that I will give them here with some slight additions which we found necessary. They were made of deal f of an inch thick, and were 22 in. long, 15 in. deep, and 10 in. wide; the joints were ploughed and tongued, and the ends mortised. The lid was made of a single piece, and sloped so as to let the rain run off. The whole was thoroughly painted inside and out, and then the inside was lined with tin, which also received a coat of paint. A couple of stout battens were nailed on the bottom of the box, outside, to keep it off the ground; the hinges should be of the long strap-hinge pattern, and the lid should be fastened by a staple fixed firmly into the lower part, and passing through the lid, secured with a padlock. We found that ordinary locks were of no service, as the horses, by running against one another, put them all out of order, and obliged us to break open the boxes to get at their contents. Tools. A small axe, leather punch, tin openers, gimlet, bradawl, pliers, candle lantern, strap hooks for tent to fasten round tent-pole, and a hammer, and a small quantity of assorted French nails. The Compass and Map. As the great majority of tourists are but little acquainted with the effect of magnetic variation on the compass needle, it may, perhaps, be useful to give some practical rules for finding the true bearing of any object with an ordinary needle compass in Iceland. The magnetic variation in Iceland is very great, being as much as 430 W. in the extreme west of the island, and 340 W. on the east coast, and as the error of the compass arising from this cause will vary by 90, or | of a point, according as it is taken on the east or west of the island, I will give a rule for each locality : suppose then that a traveller was overtaken by a snowstorm in some portion of the west of Iceland, and by looking at a map, or from previous knowledge, he knew that some farm- houses were to the north, and that a lava desert which he had just left was to the south, he would have to turn his compass box until the north end of the magnetic needle was over N.W. and then the north on the card would be pointing to true north, and as a consequence all the other points marked on the card would also indicate true bearings. If the same thing happened in the eastern part of the island, the north end of the magnetic needle would have to be placed directly over N.W. by N., and then all the points marked on the card would indicate true bearings. There can be no better place from which to take a bearing than the saddle, as the rider is farther removed from the influence of magnetic rocks than if he were on foot, but care must be taken to remove all iron, especially gwi barrels, from the vicinity of the compass.

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