Kerguelen’s voyage to the north. 767 felling the roes to the filhers of fardines upon the coafts of that province. It is to be noticed, on packing the tuns fworn guagers attend to fee them well packed and filled. Thirteen of thefe tuns go to a laft, or two tuns Englilh ; weight is out of queftion. The freight paid at Bred, or any other port of Brittany, is about twenty-five findings per lafi, with ten per cent, of average. The duties, which are trifling, and all the expences included, do not amount to fevenpence-halfpenny per barrel. This is all the informa- tion which I can give of the trade of Berghen and Norway. I fhall now fketch out an idea of the manufactures, and branches of external trade exifiing in Norway : I fhall explain its mode of adminiftration ; but as it is united to that of Denmark, and as privileged companies formed at Copenhagen direft the external trade of the two countries, I fhall firfl enter into a detail of the government and forces of Denmark. The government is defpotic, but mild, and tempered by its folid and fixed conftitu- tion. The provinces are governed by bailiffs, charged with the maintenance of the laws, the infpeftion of the king’s revenues, and the fpecial proteftion of the country people. They have no jurifdiftion over them but in matrimonial cafes ; in any others they can aft only as mediators: they cannot prevent accefs to the throne, nor even keep thofe from appealing to fuperior tribunals, who may have complaints to prefer againit them, which occafions great mildnefs in the adminiffration of law in the pro- vinces. The king is the foul of juftice; he referves to himfelf the approbation of all decifions. No fentence can be put in effeft before it has obtained his fignature, whether it effeft the life or credit of the individual. In this is feen an important law, which proves the wifdom of the legiflator; it is found in the nineteenth chapter of the firfl book of the Danifh code. “ Any perfon accufed of a crime, of whatfoever defcription it may be, may, on giving furety, come to court and return; enjoying all neceflary free- dom for his defence.” I have already obferved that the Lutheran is the only religion authorifed by law, but that every other is tolerated. The king, in the fame manner as all proteftant princes, is head of the church in his dominions: his fentence in any matter relative to the church and the exterior mode of worfhip is conclufive. The authority of the bifhops, a re- ftraint upon the clergy, only extends to the conferring holy orders, and keeping the priefts to their duty : they have no temporal jurifdiftion, nor other rights than fuch as are neceflary for preferving proper difcipline and regularity in the church. The Danes and Norwegians love their king ; but the former are better inftrufted, and of more gentle manners. This is the refult of an examination which is praftifed in the towns of Denmark by perfons felefted by the magiftrate to watch over the education of the children, and the adminiffration of the property of the pupils : they can, of their own authority, difpofe of children neglefted by their parents, and put them out to em- ployments. The law even allows them to reimburfe themfelves by execution for the advances which they make for the children ; and if the family be indigent, the alms- houfes are obliged from their funds to reimburfe them. The fame people are obliged to watch over the property of minors, and exaft a juft account; and for the better fe- curity of the pupils, the law requires of thofe who dwell in a houfe, or in the neighbour- hood, where a father dies, having orphan minors, to make a declaration as early as poflible before a magiftrate, under a fevere penalty. With refpeft to the external commerce of the Danes, Chriftian IV. was the firfl: of their kings who eftablifhed in his ftates an Eaft India company. Chriftian V. new- modelled it, and gave it a charter, the twenty-eight of November 1670. It fell to the ground under Frederick IV., who ufed great efforts toward, fupporting it. Chriftian VI., in 1732, fet it on foot again : this is the epoch of the prelent eftablilhment. The

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