Kerguelen’s voyage to the north. 796 the W. N. W. to the N. E. The fea there frequently runs very high, particularly when the wind blows from the W. N. W., on account of the furges entering by the weftern paffage. This is the moft likely wind to make the anchors drive and break the cables, efpecially in flowing tides, for then Ihips have at the fame time to fuftain the power of the wind and the impulfe of the flood. Dunkirk is celebrated for its antiquity, its port, and the revolutions it has undergone. About fixty years before the Chriftian aera, the people inhabiting the coafts of the fea where Dunkirk now is fituated, were called Diabintes. This name, which is latinized, is derived from the German, in which language it is thus written: Die hap inden; figni- fying, navigating in a port of a fecure form, or navigating in a port of the fhape of a hatchet. The Morini were their neighbours, that is today, the people of Boulogne,. Calais, St. Omer, Therouane, and Aire; and thofe of Bergues, Honfchoot, Furnes, Dixmude, and Nieuport, were called Menapii: thefe three people went to meet Caffar on his conquering Gaul, and gave him battle on the banks of the Sambre : it remained for a long time undecided, and Casfar gained it only by means of a confiderable rein- forcement which he had received during the engagement; notwithftanding this his lofs was fo great, that he was unable to fubjugate thefe people until the following year, when he again fought with and defeated them. Casfar conquering them, left them Corvinius for governor. The Romans conft rutted feveral fortreffes, among others that of Caffel, fix leagues from Dunkirk inland, where the governor of the Low Countries ufed to refide. The village of Mardyck, which has been made a good fortrefs, is fituated a league and a half, or thereabouts, from Dunkirk ; it has given the name to feveral camps and battles ; it was formerly the celebrated Portus Iccius, of which Casfar fpeaks in his Commentaries, who has even retained the name ; the Sieur ChifHet has drawn a plan of it, with an ample defcription. He fays, that in the time of Casfar the greater part of this country was covered with wood, and overflowed in different parts, and that there were only fome banks or roads raifed above the marflies, which led to the fea-fhore; the fea then extended as far as to a town called Cithieu. This town was afterwards named St. Omer’s, from the name of a bifhop of Therouane, who built a church and feveral houfes there for the refidence of the poor of his diocefe, and to enable them to live by the trade of the place. After his death, the relics of the faint being tranfported to Cithieu, his name was given to the church, and the town which was afterwards built. St. Vi&ricius, bifhop of Rouen, was the firft who came to preach the Chriftian reli- gion on the coaft of Dunkirk, in 396. The laft of the Romans were driven out by Meroue, who fubjugated this province to France, in 450. St. Eloi came to preach the faith in 646, and made fome ftay there, which brought over a number ofprofelytes ; he built a pretty large church there on the downs, where for fome time a number of fifhermen and poor people were colledted together. This place was foon frequented by a number of the Chriftians of the neighbourhood : the name of Dunkirk was given to this church, and to the town which was afterwards built on that fpot; the word kerke fignifying church in the Teutonic language, from which the Flemifh is derived. The Low Countries were governed for a long time by forefters appointed by the kings of France. Baldwin, in 864, was forefter of Flanders, or the Low Countries, having run way with and married Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald, who forgave him his conduct, and fanctioned his marriage ; he became the firfl count of Flanders, the king making this country a county referving a homage to France. The number of the inha- bitants of Dunkirk augmenting every day, from the commodioufnefs of its natural port, Baldwin 111. furrounded it with a wail in 906, to protect the inhabitants from the inroads

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