Kerguelen’s voyage to the north. 797 of banditti. They addi&ed themfelves to trade and filhing, and embellifhed and added to the convenience of the port. Philip of Alface built feveral veflels of war there, to go with to the Holy Land. In 1170 the Norman pirates, for the moft part gentlemen, interrupted their commerce, by flopping their veflels in the channel; they detained and even plundered the'Princefs of Portugal, who was on her voyage to marry Count Phi- lippes in Flanders. Philippes fitted out a flrong fleet at Dunkirk, which he lent after them, and was fortunate enough to take them all and carry them into Dunkirk, where they were condemned to death, as I have before obferved in fpeaking of Oftend. This defeat endeared the Dunkirkers to their fovereign, who granted them many privileges and exemptions. In 1232 Dunkirk being fold to Godfrey de Conde, bifhop of Cam- bray, on condition of reverting after his death to the count of Flanders, he very much enlarged and deepened the port, and conftru&ed two jetties, proceeding a good diflance out to fea. Dunkirk was feparated from the county of Flanders, and erefted into a private lord- fhip by Robert of Bethune, in favour of Robert of Caflel his fon, who built a caftle, and eftablifhed a magiflracy. He founded three brotherhoods of crofs-bow-men, bow-men, and gunners, to exercife the citizens, and perfe£t them in the ufe of arms : dying with- out a fon, his only daughter Jolanda married a duke of Bar. This alliance gave its firfl arms to Dunkirk. In 1382, the people of Ghent revolting from their fovereign, called the Englifh to their afliflance, and feized upon the town of Dunkirk; but Charles VI., King of France, retook it the fame year, and reftored it to its lord. In 1403, the walls and fortifications, damaged by the fieges it had fuflained, were re- paired, and the ditches greatly deepened. In 1436, the Englifh took Dunkirk. In 1440, a church was built at the foot of the tower built a fhort time before, to ferve as a pharos and belfry for the parilh. Among many great men which this town has produced is Nicholas Vanderhelle, a great theologian, four times retteur magnifique of the univerfity of Louvain ; Cornelius Schepper, a great philolopher and politician, who under Francis I. was profeflor of phi- lofophy and mathematics at Paris. He was chofen by Charles V. to watch over his in- terefts with the major part of the princes of Europe, and was twice appointed ambafiador to Sultan Solyman: he was greatly beloved by the learned. The filhery being from earliefl time the principal trade of the town, in 1532 five- hundred bufles or veflels, from fifty to fixty tons, defigned for fifhing in the north, be- longed to this port: every one of thefe veflels had among the lines with which they fiflied, one called the holy line ; all the fifh caught by it were fold for the benefit of the church : out of thefe gifts the church, which was burnt in 1558, was rebuilt in 1560. In the war between France, Spain, and England, in 1558, marlhal Termes with feven- teen thoufand men fet down before Dunkirk •. there were in garrifon in the place at the- time no more than four hundred men ; it was taken by aflault and pillaged, and many of the citizens were mafiacred. Bergues fuffered the fame fate. The pillage in thefe towns and in the neighbourhood was fo great, tfrat a cow was fold in the French camp for two or three fous, and thirty-eight horned beads for a gold crown the bells were even broken, in order to take away the pieces, the enemies of France having collected an army in the neighbourhood of St. Omer’s, for the purpofe of attacking the French, Marfhal Termes was difpofed to retreat, and fet fire to feveral parts of the town, in order to complete the deflruftion of what had efcaped the rage of the foldiery; the church, the convents, and almoft the whole town, were confumed by the flames, as well as

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