kergwelen’s voyage to the north. 798 as feveral veffels were laden with booty, which were detained by contrary winds :n the port. After thefe exceffes he departed to join the main army, but Count Egment, the general of the Spaniards, came up with fifteen thoufand troops, and a large number of peafants, who cut to pieces the army of Marlhal Termes, making him with the chief of his ftaff prifoners. In 1583 the town of Dunkirk was taken by the confederates, and retaken the fame year by the Duke of Parma, who greatly repaired the port, and built there feveral veffels of war, among others, fourteen commanded by vice-admiral Wacken, wh ch made many Dutch prizes ; the following year, the proprietors of thefe veffels made a number of prizes, wnich they condufted into port, notwithftanding it was blockaded by a Dutch fquadron. Charles Dauwere and his fon John were the chiefs of thefe fleets of privateers ; they were both of them intrepid, and very fkilful in manoeuvres. This caufed the fquadron of the Dutch, which had coft a great deal for little advantage, to draw off. About this time the Spanifh fleet arrived in the channel, named the Invincible, which was difperfed by a ftorm ; many fhips perilhed at fea, others were loft on the fhores of France and England, and the fad remains of this fleet were fortunately con- ducted back to Spain through the {kill of Michael Jacobs, a Dunkirker, an excellent feaman ; neverthelefs the Dunkirkers did not ceafe fitting out privateers, and making confiderable prizes of Dutchmen and Zealanders. Thefe riches drew a number of fo- reign failors to Dunkirk. The ardour of the Dutch for blockading Dunkirk was re- doubled, fending even a hundred veffels before it; which however did not hinder the privateers from ftealing out under favour of night, and, owing to the lightnefs of their veffels, proceeding in making prizes in the North Sea. They were attacked by a large fhip of war, commanded by the Vice-admiral Anthonifen, but who was not then on board. In his abfence, the commander feeing himfelf difabled, half his crew wounded, and the enemy already boarding his fliip, fet fire to the powder-room, and blew himfelf up ; at the fame time doing confiderable damage to the Dunkirkers. The town was fortified with new wofks, and privateering continued. In 1595, one captain of a privateer brought into the port of Dunkirk as many as thirty mafters of buffes and other veffels, which he was fatisfied with ranfoming for more than twro hundred thoufand livres; an enormous fum for that age. Another, named Kofter, returning to Dunkirk after ran- foming feveral veffels, was furrounded by a Dutch fleet; he fought defperately, and difabled feveral veffels; at length, preffed upon at all fides, he fet fire to the magazine, and blew himfelf up, together with the fhips which were boarding him. The Cardinal Archduke Albert of Auftria, who replaced the Duke of Parma, being defirous of fignalizing his acceffion to the government of the Low Countries, laid fiege to Calais in 1596, which he carried in a little time ; this acquifition was of great ad- vantage to cruizing againft the enemy. The Dutch, interefted in hindering, fent four- teen large veffels to anchor before Dunkirk, while nine others kept the fea to intercept the veffels defirous of entering. Calais was given up to the French by the treaty con- cluded in 1598, between France and Spain; in fpite of the Dutch fquadroi; prizes ar- rived in fafety, and the engagements which took place, wrere fought with fo much the more obftinacy from each party hanging their prifoners. In 1609 a truce was concluded for twelve years between the Dutch and Spaniards. At the end of it the privateers, afiifted by nine Spanifh veffels, ruined the Dutch com- merce. In 1622 the citadel of Mardyck was conftru£ted to flicker Dunkirk from the infults •of its enemies. In this year John Jacobfon of Dunkirk, a captain in the navy, com- manding the St. Vincent of a hundred and fifty men, on going out of port with two , t Spanifh

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