744 Kerguelen’s voyage to the north. SECOND PART. Containing a Defcription of Iceland. During my flay in Iceland, I neglected nothing in making myfelf acquainted with -what was remarkable in this itland, fuch as the mode of living of its inhabitants, their manners, their religion, and government. I paid attention to all thefe, and the fre- quent converfations which I had with Mr. Olave, who had dwelt a long time at Patrix- fiord, and who was very learned, gave me information on every fubjedt which can be gratifying to the reader relative to this country. Some writers have fpoken of this iiland but merely from the report of a few fifhermen, or failors, very ill informed, and very incapable of giving due regard to things. Mr. Anderfon, burgomafter of Ham- bourg, who publifhed the natural hiftory of the country in German, obtained all that he collected relative to Iceland from the oral teftimony of fifhermen. Mr. Horrebows alfo has given the world an hiftorical and phvfical defcription of the ifland, in the Ger- man tongue, with critical obfervations on the hiftory of Mr. Anderfon. Thefe two authors frequently contradid each other. We have as well a defcription of Iceland by Pieriere, author of the fyftem of Paedamites. Thefe are the three writers who have furnilhed us with any knowledge of Iceland ; but as all their hiftories are replete with errors, I conceive that the reader will not objedl to a more exad and faithful account here offered him. I fhall follow the fteps of Mr. Horrebows, who was born a Dane, and is bell informed. The ifland of Iceland is fituated in the north fea, between 63° and 67°, N. Latitude, and between 150 and 30° W. of Paris. The etymology of the word is derived from Ice and land. The froft, which is fo fevere, and in the mountains, which are conftantly covered with fnow and ice, gave origin to the word. Iceland is one hundred and thirty leagues long, of twenty-five to a degree, and feventv leagues wide; it is only feventy-eight fea-leagues diftant from Ferro, and thirty-five from Greenland ; which, on the coaft oppofite to Iceland, is inaccefiible, from the ice and rocks which furround it. Hiftory does not pofitively fix the period of the difcovery of Iceland ; fome writers have taken it to be the Thule of the ancients mentioned by Virgil, lib. I. Georg. I rather imagine this Thule to be Ireland, one hundred and fixty-four leagues from Ice- land. Angrinus Jonas, author of the Icelandic Chronicles, refutes the opinion of writers, efpecially Pontanus, who contended for Iceland being the ancient Thule, in his Specimen IJlandicum. This ifland was difcovered in 798 by Nadocus, who called it Sneeland, on account of the great quantity of fnow . with which it w'as covered. In 872 a Swede, named Gardanus, obferved it more particularly. The following year a Norwegian pirate, called Flocco, gave it the name of Iceland •, and in the year 874 Ingulf, or Ingultus, a Norwegian nobleman, took refuge here, in confequence of having killed two barons of his country. He found it uncultivated, and very thinly inhabited ■, he is faid to have been its firft king. Every thing I have faid {hews that Iceland was very little known, and the firft ideas we have had of the country originated in Mr. Anderfen and Mr. Horrebows. The maps of this ifland have been hitherto very defeftive. Europe had no other map of it than that of Andrew Velleius, a Dane, engraved in 1585, copied by the Dutch in 1698, and by Mr. Beilin in 1751, for his reduced chart of the North Sea. This ikilful hydrographer, whofe ufeful labours have furnifhed us w ith lo fine a col- lection of plans and charts of every kind, prefented me with a map of this ifland on a a large

(1) Band
(2) Band
(3) Saurblað
(4) Saurblað
(5) Blaðsíða 735
(6) Blaðsíða 736
(7) Blaðsíða 737
(8) Blaðsíða 738
(9) Blaðsíða 739
(10) Blaðsíða 740
(11) Blaðsíða 741
(12) Blaðsíða 742
(13) Blaðsíða 743
(14) Blaðsíða 744
(15) Blaðsíða 745
(16) Blaðsíða 746
(17) Blaðsíða 747
(18) Blaðsíða 748
(19) Blaðsíða 749
(20) Blaðsíða 750
(21) Mynd
(22) Mynd
(23) Blaðsíða 751
(24) Blaðsíða 752
(25) Blaðsíða 753
(26) Blaðsíða 754
(27) Blaðsíða 755
(28) Blaðsíða 756
(29) Blaðsíða 757
(30) Blaðsíða 758
(31) Blaðsíða 759
(32) Blaðsíða 760
(33) Blaðsíða 761
(34) Blaðsíða 762
(35) Blaðsíða 763
(36) Blaðsíða 764
(37) Blaðsíða 765
(38) Blaðsíða 766
(39) Blaðsíða 767
(40) Blaðsíða 768
(41) Blaðsíða 769
(42) Blaðsíða 770
(43) Blaðsíða 771
(44) Blaðsíða 772
(45) Blaðsíða 773
(46) Blaðsíða 774
(47) Blaðsíða 775
(48) Blaðsíða 776
(49) Blaðsíða 777
(50) Blaðsíða 778
(51) Blaðsíða 779
(52) Blaðsíða 780
(53) Blaðsíða 781
(54) Blaðsíða 782
(55) Blaðsíða 783
(56) Blaðsíða 784
(57) Blaðsíða 785
(58) Blaðsíða 786
(59) Blaðsíða 787
(60) Blaðsíða 788
(61) Blaðsíða 789
(62) Blaðsíða 790
(63) Blaðsíða 791
(64) Blaðsíða 792
(65) Blaðsíða 793
(66) Blaðsíða 794
(67) Blaðsíða 795
(68) Blaðsíða 796
(69) Blaðsíða 797
(70) Blaðsíða 798
(71) Blaðsíða 799
(72) Blaðsíða 800
(73) Blaðsíða 801
(74) Blaðsíða 802
(75) Blaðsíða 803
(76) Blaðsíða 804
(77) Saurblað
(78) Saurblað
(79) Band
(80) Band
(81) Kjölur
(82) Framsnið
(83) Kvarði
(84) Litaspjald