Kerguelen’s voyage to the north. 759 and nature was as It were afleep ; but the fun appearing above the horizon re-animated her, and brought us a breeze ; this is what is frequently experienced in the torrid zone ; the reafon of it is this. During the whole of the day, the fun by its heat expands and caufes to rife from the plains, and above all from the furface of the-fea, aqueous particles and bubbles of rarified air, which it attracts to a diftance from the earth. Thofe which afcend the laid, fall again almoft immediately after fun-fet, they approach each other in their fall, and caufe that firft coolnefs of the evening which is called ferenity ; but all the other particles which in the long courfe of the day, have furmounted the grofs airs, and be- come in equilibrium with the firft ftrata of that air in afuperior region, remain fufpend- ed there during the calm of night; at fun rifing the firft rays of heat being felt by the chilled and contrafted air, neceffarily dilute it. One mafs of air expanded by the heat drives on another, which meets with refiftance from a third ; this motion of the air be- comes a wind, and the atmofphere is affected by it in a lefs or greater degree. At eight o’clock, being yet three leagues from Ihore, fome Norwegian pilots came on board, who informed me that I was a great deal to the fouth of the paffage of Cruxfiord, but that there was a paffage two leagues north of where I was, and that if by luffing, I could get up thefe two leagues, (for the w'ind was north,) they would take me into good anchorage, where I might wait for a fouth wind to get into Berghen. I luffed therefore to .head the wind. At noon I obferved the latitude ; and at four o’clock a ftorm arofe, which determined the pilots to make the land, in order to. feekthe paff- age to the north of the ifle of Bommel ; through which they fteered me to anchor at Ingefon. As the anchorage is difficult on the eoaft of Norway, that is to fay, on the currents of Berghen, and as they require great precaution, I lhall detail the methods I made ufe of in anchoring -T it would be proper to inform the reader firft, what obfer- vations I made on the coaft. I firft allured myfelf by three obfervations of the variation : the one an eaftern, the- other by azimuth, and the third meridional. The agreement of thefe three obfervations fhewed me that the variation of the needle was 170 50' on the coaft of Norway, under the ifle of Bommel. I took the latitude at noon, and from the bearings I found the ifle of Bommel to be 15' more north, than what it is fet down in the large chart of the Neptune.. On my fecond voyage, I made the fame obfervation, and found the whole of the coaft of Nomay, to be 15' more north, than what it is defcribed in the above-men- tioned chart. In Ihort, I remarked that the exterior grounds, and bed of the channel of Berghen, almoft wholly refemble each other. There are every where rocks of the fame elevation, falhioned and craggy alike; which renders making land a difficult matter, as nothing Ihort of perfect experience can enable a perfon to know where to make for land. It may be laid that in an extent of twelve leagues of coaft on the fide where I made for Ihore, there is only mount Bommel in the ifland of that name, that is- diftinguilhable from others. The objects of the continent feldom ferve for land-marks, on account of their being generally hid by fogs, and covered with fnow, befides being greatly in land. There are feveral palfages to enter the canal or river of Berghen. From the ifle of Schuttnefs to the town of Berghen, is fixteen Danilh miles, about ninety Fnglilh, and in this extent of the coaft, there are eight paffages to enter the canal. In coming from the fea to the north of Berghen, there are alfo two paffages much fre- quented, the rnoft northerly of which is only fix Danilh miles from the town. North ©f thefe are fome other paffages, but they are fo little known, fo little frequented, and fo difficult, that they are not worth mentioning. Thefe

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(21) Mynd
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(75) Blaðsíða 803
(76) Blaðsíða 804
(77) Saurblað
(78) Saurblað
(79) Band
(80) Band
(81) Kjölur
(82) Framsnið
(83) Kvarði
(84) Litaspjald