THE NORTH ATLANTIC TELEGRAPH. 11 ELECTRIC CURRENTS IN SUBMARINE CABLES.* Although there are four sections, it will by no means be neces- sary to re-transmit the messages at each point, hut only to place there translators, or relays, and auxiliary battery power, which will enable London to communicate direct with America without a break, in the same manner that London at present communicates direct with Hamburgh, Berlin, Vienna, Constantinople, and St. Petersburgh, through the lines of the English Telegraph Com- panies, and the Continental system. A staff of telegraph officials will be stationed at the termini of each section of cable, so that through communication by re-trans- * Mr. Edward B. Bright, in a paper read at the British Association at Liverpool, in 1854, described some experiments instituted by himself and his brother, Sir Charles, for determining the velocity of ordinary working currents upon subterranean wires, the copper conductor being No. 16 guage, and the gutta percha covering being No. 3 guage. He found that one-third of a second elapsed between the contact at one end and the receipt of the current at the other, through 500 statute miles, and one second for 1000 miles. In 1854, Col. Shaffner, after instituting some experiments in Europe, published, viz., “I will not say that a galvanic or magneto-electric current can never he sent from Newfoundland to Ireland ; but I do say that, with the present discoveries in science, I do not believe it practicable for telegraphic service.” Professor Morse was on board of the Niagara in 1857, when the Atlantic cable broke some 380 miles from the Irish coast. In a letter he said, viz. :— “We got an electric current through until the moment of parting, so that electric connexion was perfect; and yet the further we 'payed out, the feebler was the current.” Mr. De Sauty was the electrician of the Atlantic Telegraph Company at Newfound- land, in 1858, when the cable was laid, and considered a success. He received the Queen’s Message, and in a letter upon the subject, he states, viz. :— “On reference to my journal, I find that the Queen’s Message was commenced at 10'50 a.m. on the 16th of August, 1858, and was completed at 4’30 a.m. on the 17th; so that'it occupied 17 hours and 40 minutes in its reception.” There were 99 words and 509 letters in the Queen’s Message, and in its trans- mission it required, according to the above time, more than two minutes for each letter, or over ten minutes for each word.

(1) Band
(2) Band
(3) Saurblað
(4) Saurblað
(5) Blaðsíða 1
(6) Blaðsíða 2
(7) Blaðsíða 3
(8) Blaðsíða 4
(9) Blaðsíða 5
(10) Blaðsíða 6
(11) Blaðsíða 7
(12) Blaðsíða 8
(13) Blaðsíða 9
(14) Blaðsíða 10
(15) Blaðsíða 11
(16) Blaðsíða 12
(17) Blaðsíða 13
(18) Blaðsíða 14
(19) Blaðsíða 15
(20) Blaðsíða 16
(21) Blaðsíða 17
(22) Blaðsíða 18
(23) Blaðsíða 19
(24) Blaðsíða 20
(25) Blaðsíða 21
(26) Blaðsíða 22
(27) Blaðsíða 23
(28) Blaðsíða 24
(29) Blaðsíða 25
(30) Blaðsíða 26
(31) Blaðsíða 27
(32) Blaðsíða 28
(33) Blaðsíða 29
(34) Blaðsíða 30
(35) Blaðsíða 31
(36) Blaðsíða 32
(37) Blaðsíða 33
(38) Blaðsíða 34
(39) Blaðsíða 35
(40) Blaðsíða 36
(41) Blaðsíða 37
(42) Blaðsíða 38
(43) Blaðsíða 39
(44) Blaðsíða 40
(45) Blaðsíða 41
(46) Blaðsíða 42
(47) Blaðsíða 43
(48) Blaðsíða 44
(49) Blaðsíða 45
(50) Blaðsíða 46
(51) Blaðsíða 47
(52) Blaðsíða 48
(53) Blaðsíða 49
(54) Blaðsíða 50
(55) Blaðsíða 51
(56) Blaðsíða 52
(57) Blaðsíða 53
(58) Blaðsíða 54
(59) Blaðsíða 55
(60) Blaðsíða 56
(61) Blaðsíða 57
(62) Blaðsíða 58
(63) Blaðsíða 59
(64) Blaðsíða 60
(65) Mynd
(66) Mynd
(67) Saurblað
(68) Saurblað
(69) Band
(70) Band
(71) Kjölur
(72) Framsnið
(73) Kvarði
(74) Litaspjald