44 THE NORTH ATLANTIC TELEGRAPH. examined by Professor Ehrenberg of Berlin, and he says that he found it “to contain numerous shells with life-being forms therein, which, in his opinion, exist alive at the bottom of the sea.” With regard to the sand contained in the specimens, he says that “ it is no rolling sand, but fragmentary, broken, and dissolved stones of mountains. The granules are not round, hut with acute sides. The granite sand consists of much glimmer and quartz, with green crystal fragments, which might be hornblende were there particles of pumice-stone, but which are not at all therein to be found.” Erom the evidence which we have in the premises, it would seem that the bottom of the sea gradually descends to 1540 fathoms from Iceland, and then in the same manner ascends to the Greenland coast. To determine the correctness of this opinion, further sound- ings are required. The Arctic current, perhaps some hundred feet deep, and by some supposed to be fifty miles wide, carries with it large quantities of ice, from which earth drops to the bottom of the sea. The sea between Greenland and Labrador was also partially sounded by me last autumn, and tbe greatest depth was found to be 2090 fathoms, which was about under tbe Arctic current, west of Greenland, latitude 60° 05' north. West of this sound- ing the deepest water found was 1840 fathoms. The bottom in the Davis Strait was soft mud, except under the Arctic current, where it was coarse sand, which had been evidently dropped from the ice. On many icebergs may be seen large quantities of sand and boulders of several inches in diameter. Landings for the Cables.—The precise places for the land- ings for the cables have not yet been determined upon. There are good bays on North Scotland, and there need not be any fears as to that part of the route. The bay of Thorshaven, island of Stromoe, of the Faroe group, is approached from the deep sea without any obstruction, and its bottom is sand. The average depth of water in the bay is about 20 fathoms. Thorshaven is tbe capital of the Faroe Islands, and has about 900 inhabitants. The cable to Ice- land will leave Westermanshaven on tbe west coast of the Stromoe Isle. The bay is deep, bottom sand, and free from the ocean waves. On the south coast of Iceland, about longitude 19 deg. W., or at Portland, it is proposed to land the cable. The bottom of the sea approaching nearly the whole south coast of Iceland is sand. The coast is free from ice winter and summer. The cable to Greenland will run from tbe Reikiavik bay. The depth of water in this bay is favourable, the bottom is mud and sand. It is free from ice winter and summer, excepting a little crust near the shore. Arctic ice is never seen in that bay, except, perhaps, once in a century. Reikiavik is the capital of Iceland, and its inhabitants

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