66 THE NORTH ATLANTIC TELEGRAPH. town, and advancing its prosperity, never losing an opportunity of paying honour to those to whom honour is due (loud cheers). Rear-Admiral Fitzroy :—I had no idea, gentlemen, until I saw the paper, that so humble an individual as myself would be called upon to propose a toast of such importance as that which I have now to submit to your acceptance. But I suppose that, filling a small office under Government, which is more or less engaged in objects connected with those embraced in the pursuits of tele- graphic science, I am therefore expected to propose this toast, and say a few words in explanation of its subject. Be assured, however, gentlemen, that no office which I may hold, nor the interests of any particular company, will influence, in the slightest degree, any words which I may use (hear, hear). I should feel myself un- worthy to hold any office under the Government if I were not to speak freely on such a question as this (hear, hear). I have to ask your attention for a few minutes to a somewhat dry statement of matters of business, but I trust that no one present will object to give it to me, knowing that the business part of this question must be discussed gravely sometimes (applause). In the last few years three distinct propositions have been put before the public for opening up telegraphic communication with America. One was the well-known proposal for a line from Ireland to Newfound- land, which was marvellously successful at first, and has been as marvellously a wonder since because it has not been continued, and the experiment repeated which so astonished the world. Another proposition was to go by the islands on the coast of Africa, uniting England, Gibraltar, the Cape Verde Isles, Brazil, West Indies, and United States. This line required only short lengths of wire throughout, but it presented the practical diffi- culties of very numerous stations, interchanges with many coun- tries, and an organisation almost too complicated to be maintained by one central board. The subject of telegraphy is the great practical scientific question of the day. It is more important to the welfare of nations than any other, and it behoves all electricians to apply themselves to it, and encounter every impediment which presents itself. But the difficulties in the way will undoubtedly cause a considerable time to elapse before this southern line can be constructed. All know the difficulties connected with the direct Atlantic line, on account of the transmission of the electric current through such a length of submarine wire, and other causes. Whether electricians have as yet ascertained the proper kind of wire—whether a larger wire, and a different method of insulation, will succeed better than that already tried, time will prove. Now I come to consider the other proposal, namely, that shown on the map before us, to run by way of Iceland and

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