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því þá fer oft um of af kalkefnum móðurinnar, bæði
til að fullnæg-ja þörfum fóstursins og síðar til mjólkur-
framleiðslu.
B-flokkur fjörefna er heilsu manna eigi síður nauð-
synlegur en A-flokkurinn, og eru áhrif þeirra fjörefna,
er í honum finnast, einkum og sér í lagi bundin við
taugakerfið. Þessi flokkur er nú á allra síðustu ár-
um liðaður sundur í þrjú sjálfstæð fjörefni: B, D og
E. Eru efni þessi að vissu leyti samstarfandi, og vanti
þau — sum eða öll — í fæðuna, hlýzt af því sýki sú,
er Beri-beri nefnist. Er hún nefnd skjögurveiki í kind-
um. Hún er algeng í Austurlöndum og ægileg mjög,
því taugaskemmdir þær, er henni fylgja, leiða til stjarfa
og dauða, ef ekki er að gert. Og læknar ekkert sýk-
ina annað en fjörefni það, sem í fæðuna hefir vant-
að. En ekki þarf nema örlítið af fjörefninu, til þess
að dýr með Beri-beri á háu stigi rakni úr rotinu fleyg
og fær. En örðugt er þó að lækna taugaskemmdir
þær, er sýki þessari fylgja, til fullnustu, og er því
nauðsynlegt að forðast skort B-fjörefna í fæðu manna.
Mikið er af B í kími allra korntegunda og í yztu
þynnum þeirra. Er því nauðsynlegt að nota ósigtað
mjöl bæði í brauð og grauta.
C-flokkur fjörefna mun vera sá flokkurinn, sem
venjulegast er mestur skortur á í matvælum okkar
Islendinga, að minnsta kosti þeim, sem landið sjálft
framleiðir. Enda er sýki sú, skyrbjúgurinn, sem staf-
ar af skorti á C-fjörefnum, alkunn hér á landi. Og
þess ber að geta, að þessi kvilli, skyrbjúgurinn, get-
ur langan tíma verið á svo vægu stigi, að engum
komi til hugar, að hér sé um þessa sýki að ræða.
Lýsir hann sér þá aðeins sem magnleysi og almenn
veiklun. Sjúklingurinn finnur oft til einkennilegs
magnleysis og þrýstings fyrir brjósti, og getur úr orð-
ið hjartsláttur og vanlíðan ýmiskonar. Ennfremur
geta komið verkir í spjaldhrygginn og í fæturna. Sé
(1) Front Board
(2) Front Board
(3) Front Flyleaf
(4) Front Flyleaf
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(279) Back Cover
(280) Back Cover
(281) Rear Flyleaf
(282) Rear Flyleaf
(283) Rear Board
(284) Rear Board
(285) Spine
(286) Fore Edge
(287) Scale
(288) Color Palette
(2) Front Board
(3) Front Flyleaf
(4) Front Flyleaf
(5) Front Cover
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(279) Back Cover
(280) Back Cover
(281) Rear Flyleaf
(282) Rear Flyleaf
(283) Rear Board
(284) Rear Board
(285) Spine
(286) Fore Edge
(287) Scale
(288) Color Palette