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Egyptar og Forn-Grikkir þekktu til dæmis ekki rúg.
En Rússar og Norðurlandaþjóðir nota þessa kornteg-
und mikið til brauðgerðar. Rúgur jafnast þó alls eigi
á við hveiti. Sá galli getur og verið á rúg, ef hann er
ræktaður í vanhirtum ökrum, eða eiturjurt, sem secale
nefnist, spretti þá innan um rúginn, er hún um það bil
jafnlengi að þroskast og rúgurinn, og ber því fræ sitt
samtímis og kornið er fullþroskað. Er svo akurinn
sleginn — og fer rúgur og secale samtímis í hlöðu og
þreskivél. En secalefræin hin eitruðu blandast þá inn-
an um rúginn, eru þau dökkleit og má týna þau úr
smáskömtum af rúgi, ef malað er í heimahúsum. En
ef malað er í verksmiðjum, eða bara í stórskömmtum,
þá er allt malað saman — secale og rúgur. Og má
segja með sanni, að ef svo mikið er af secale að
nokkru nemi, er slíkt mjöl afar-óhollt. Hlýzt alls-
konar taugaveiklan og oft krampi af secalefræi. Og
allra skaðvænlegast er slíkt mjöl á haustin og fyrri
part vetrar. Secale-eitrið dofnar nefnilega og missir
mátt sinn við geymslu. Fólki sem hefir kyrrsetur verð-
ur enn meira um secale-eitrið, en þeim sem eiga úti-
störfum að gegna. Það er algengt í Vínarborg og víð-
ar um Mið-Evrópu, að secale í rúgbrauði valdi mik-
illi taugaveiklan á fjölda fólks framan af vetri —
einkum fátæklingum, sem einir nota þar rúgbrauð —
fram undir febrúar. Og voru læknar lengi vel allsendis
ófróðir um, hverju þessir kvillar væru að kenna. En
loks, er þeir fóru nákvæmlega að athuga mataræðið,
komust þeir að raun um, hvar fiskur lá undir steini.
Og nú var secale-fræið rannsakað nákvæmlega, og
bar raun vitni um, hver áhrif eitrið í því hafði. —
Það er kunnugra en frá þurfi að segja, að rúgur sá,
sem til íslands hefir verið fluttur, var löngum lítt vand-
aður. Og vel man eg það, að eitt haustið komst læknir
okkar Húnvetninga, Júlíus Halldórsson, að því, að mikið
var af secale-fræi í rúgi þeim, sem kom í verzlanir á
(1) Front Board
(2) Front Board
(3) Front Flyleaf
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(279) Back Cover
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(281) Rear Flyleaf
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(283) Rear Board
(284) Rear Board
(285) Spine
(286) Fore Edge
(287) Scale
(288) Color Palette
(2) Front Board
(3) Front Flyleaf
(4) Front Flyleaf
(5) Front Cover
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(279) Back Cover
(280) Back Cover
(281) Rear Flyleaf
(282) Rear Flyleaf
(283) Rear Board
(284) Rear Board
(285) Spine
(286) Fore Edge
(287) Scale
(288) Color Palette