has taken great pains to prove that Harald actually gave laws to the Frisians and Saxons, dares not maintain that his laws are the same as those of the Fulda MS. He has, no doubt, been frightened by the word Francokum, or perhaps by the Latin idiom in which this code is written. Harald cer- tainly did not write Latin, but his bishops and clergy did; and as the Frisians and Saxons did not understand Danish, there was no other Avay of conveying to them the meaning of a law, but through the medium of the diplomatic language of the clergy. Further grounds of probability are to be found in the striking similitude between these two codes themselves in style, technical language, and pre- cepts, all of which indicate that they must have emanated from the same source,—their equally striking similitude to the ancient northern codes in all respects, which appears in every line,—their brevity and conciseness, in which they vastly differ from other German codes, but resemble the north- ern,—the similarity of customs and institutions to which they allude, with those of the northern na- tions. In these codes, probatio or negatio facti, is accomplished by three, six, or twelve jurors ; in high criminal cases, always by the last number. Now, these numbers correspond exactly with the numbers prescribed in all the Scandinavian codes, in which we find almost always three jurors in cases of debt of a small amount, and in other minor property cases, —six jurors, in such criminal cases as were not

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