53 was vested in the Jury alone. In the old Saxon Laws, the old Danish and Icelandic Laws, a simple majority of Jurors decide finally and without appeal in all cases; but king Magnus, in the event of a difference of opinion, gives the power of decision to the Lawman, along with the minority,—and we may even infer, that if that minority consisted only of two, still their sentence prevailed when support- ed by the Lawman;—yet reserving to himself, along with his council, the power of reversing their sen- tence in last resort, and of confirming the sentence of the majority, if he pleased. In connection with the foregoing passage,* the following Juridi- cal facts are worthy of remark : 1st, That by the law there laid down, the Law- man is for the first time constituted a Judge ; for until then lie had only been a Jurisconsult, the Jury being judges to all intents and purposes : the Lawman had only been their legal adviser, whom they might consult on any point of law when they pleased ; but they were by no means bound to con- sult him, when they considered themselves ade- quate to decide a case without his assistance. By the Gulathings Law of king Magnus, lie becomes a presiding Judge, with a formidable casting vote,! as he could decide contrary to the greatest number of the Jurors, provided only a few of them em- braced his opinion. * Page 50. f I use this expression here in its original sense: a vote overruling, or casting any number of votes.

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