Um jarðarhnöttinn eða yfirborð lians. 143 sem hefir dregib skorpuna eaman, heldur henni fastri utan um þaíi rennandi efni, sem í henni er. Yfirborö jarbarinnar er sumpart land, sumpart sjdr. Rúmir íveir þribjungar af yfirborbi jar&arinnar er sjúr, en tæpur einn þribjungur land. Sjúrinn og vatnib getur hreifst í allar áttir, brytst þab inn hvervetna ef einhver Ieib er opin. Væri jör&in ein- lúmur sjúr, eba sjúrinn svo mikill, a& hann flyti yfir allt yfir- borbiö, þá væri jörbin eins og stúr vatnsdropi, en allt a& einu v®ri hún hnöttútt. Vjer höfum sagt, ab breyting árstí&anna nái eigi lengra en ‘.0—80 fet ofan í jör&ína; þar er ekkert líf, engin umbreyting. yfirborbi jar&arinnar er því ö&ruvísi varib; þar er aubur, líf °g starfsemi, sífeld umbreyting og framför og geislar súlarinnar eru sá kraptur, sem kemur öllu þessu til lei&ar. Hitinn leitar bvervetna inn, þú meb miklum mun sje; jör&in heldur honum í eJer þú þa& einnig sje nokkub misjafnt og færir hann frá mib- jarbarlínunni til heimsskautanna. Hvc dásamlegur er ekki sá braptur, sem jör&in fær á vorin, þegar hitinn snýr aptur! En hinn kaldi himingeimur tekur ekki strax vib fyrir utan Jar&skorpuna; umhverfis hana er Iopthaf, sem vjer köllum Sufuhvolf. Gufuhvolfib nær hvervetna 10—12 mílur út frá Jörbinni. þunginn þrýstir á gufuhvolfib eins og hin föstu efnin, pg fyrir þá sök helzt þab vib yfirborb jar&arinnar; ab hinu leyt- 'ni» þenst þab út af fja&urmagni sínu og þessi tvö öfl starfa ætíb bvort á múti ö&ru. Loptib er a& vísu Ijettur líkami í saman- burbi vib jar&skorpuna, en hefir þú nokkurn þunga, sem rá&a má hinum sterku vindum, sem eru straumar loptsins. 13 teningsfet ''f lopti því, sem vjer lifum í, vega 1. pund, þegar 10Vs stigs biti er; lengra út frá jörbinni er loptib ljettara. Vib yfirborb Jar&arinnar er þrysting loptsins um 14 pund á hverjum ferhyrn- lngs þumlungi. þegar lengra dregur upp í Ioptib, minnkar Prýstingin smám saman og kuldinn vex a& því skapi. Loptþrýst- Ingm og því fremur hitinn er a&alskilyr&i fyri lífi allra jurta og .ýra; þab er þessvegna abeins nebst í gufuhvolfinu, á yfirborbi Jar&arinnar, a& lífib getur átt sjer stab; ef vjer förum 1. mílu UPP frá jör&inni eba 1 mílu ofaní hana, getum vjer ekki lifab, °S ú þessu vissa svæbi eru þar a& auk mörg dýr og margar plöntur bundnar vib sinn litla blett. • þannig er jörbin ekki orbin til allt í einu; skorpa hennar nefir kúlnab smám saman lengra og lengra nibur og rekib hitann Unúan sjer. Ví&a hafa þau hin glúandi efni, sem innifyrir eru, rotiö þá fyrgtu skel, runnib út og storknab þar, og þannig myndab cídlögin; hæbir og lautir hafa myndast á þennan hátt meb ýmsu nmti, og eru fjöllin ljús vottur þess. Biltingar þessar fara enn

(1) Front Board
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(449) Back Cover
(450) Back Cover
(451) Rear Flyleaf
(452) Rear Flyleaf
(453) Rear Flyleaf
(454) Rear Flyleaf
(455) Rear Board
(456) Rear Board
(457) Spine
(458) Fore Edge
(459) Scale
(460) Color Palette