Maðurinn, einkum líkaminn. 199 Líkami mannsins. Máttarstólpinn í allri byggingu líkamans er beinagrindin. Hún er sett saman af mörgum beinum, sem eru samtengd; ræbur hún mynd líkamans og varbveitir hin mest áríöandi fœri hans. Vöövarnir eru festir viö beinin, þeir geta þaniö sig sundur og dregiÖ sig saman og sett þannig beinin og undireins allan líkamann í hreifingu. Höfuöbeinin eru í höföinu, þau mynda hauskúpuna og and- litiö, í hauskúpunni er hnakkabeiniö; á því er gat, sem mænan gengur gegnum, 2 hvirfilbein efst og tvö gagnaugnabein til hliö- anna. Andlitsbeinin eru: 2 kinnbein, sitt hvoru megin, 2 nef- bein aö framan, efri kjálkinn og neöri kjálkinn, sem tennurnar standa í, 2 gúmbein aö aptan og mörg minni bein. Fyrir neöan höfuöiÖ tekur hryggurinn viö; í honum eru 30 liöir og gengur rnænan gegnum þá. Hálsliöirnir eru 7, þá 12 hryggjarliöir, og eru hin 24 rifbein fest viö þá; þá mjó- hryggjarliöir 5, mjaömp.grindarliöir 5, og endaliÖir 4 eöa 5. Rifin eru aö framan tengd viö bringubeiniö, og mynda þannig brjústholiö. Utlimirnir eru hendur og fætur, efsti hluti handleggjanna eru heröablööin; aö aptan styöjast þau viö rifbeinin, en aö framan eru þau föst viö viöbeiniö og þaö aptur viö bringubeiniö; þá cru upphandleggir aö alboga og framhandleggir aö úlfiiÖi; í upp- höndinni eru 8 bein, í miöhöndinni 5 og í fingrunum 5, meö liöum. Fæturnir eru líkt bygöir: þeir ganga frá mjaÖmgrindinni aö neöan og eru lærleggir ofan aö knjám og fútleggir tvennir, í Hstinni eru 12 bein fyrir utan tærnar. Alls eru yfir 200 bein í líkamanum. Liöamútin eru mjög hagkvæmlega tilbúin; hinir yztu endar beinanna eru ávalir og þaktir brjúski, svo núningurinn skaöi þá eigi; liöamútin eru sífellt þvöl af feitum vökva og um þau er brjóskhringur; komist lopt inn í liöamótin, þá detta limirnir eÖa beinin sundur. Beinin þola eigi aÖ vera ber og mæta áhrifum loptsins; þau eru sum hol og er raergur í liolinu. Á börnum eru þau lin, er þvf varasamt aö láta þau standa mikiö mjög ung, því beinin geta bognaö; ^nlla stæling og hörku fá þau eigi fyr en um tvítugs aldur. Vöövarnir eru þaö, sem vjer daglega köllum hold, þaö eru grannir þræöir ranöleitir, sem liggja hvorr viÖ annars hliö; sin- arnar tengja vöövana viÖ beinin. þær eru gljáandi og ljúsgular °g mjög vel tengdar viÖ vöÖvana og beinin. Vöövarnir koma af staö hreifingunni á þann hátt, aö þeir geta dregiö sig saman og ‘eygt sig sundur, og veröur beiniö, sem þeir eru festir viö, aÖ tara eptir þessu. Sinarnar geta hvorki þanist nje dregiö sig

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(449) Back Cover
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(451) Rear Flyleaf
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(455) Rear Board
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(457) Spine
(458) Fore Edge
(459) Scale
(460) Color Palette