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kerfinu sérstakir kirtlar, heiladingullinn og hypoþalamus, sem fylgjast
með framleiðslunni og stjóma henni. Eins og nafnið ber með sér er
heiladingullinn í höfðinu, rétt við heilann og hypoþalamus er skynstöð í
heilanum. Þegar minna berst til þeirra af hormónum með blóðinu sendir
hypoþalamus heiladinglinum boð með sérstökum hypoþalamushormón-
um og heiladingullinn gefur síðan viðkomandi kirtli fyrirmæli (t.d. kyn-
kirtlunum) með sínum boðum, þ.e. heiladingulshormónum eða svoköll-
uðum stýrihormónum.
Heiladingullinn og hypoþalamus eru nokkurs konar yfirkirtlar sem
mynda sjálfir sína eigin hormóna og með þeim berast boð til annarra
kirtla. Gangurinn er því þessi: 1) skortur er á ákveðnum hormón í
líkamanum, 2) heiladingullinn og hypoþalamus skynja þennan skort því
blóðið streymir um þá eins og önnur líffæri, 3) hypoþalamus myndar
hormóna, 4) sem berast með blóðinu til heiladingulsins, 5) hann fer í
gang og myndar ákveðinn heiladingulshormón, 6) sem síðan berst með
blóðstraumnum til kirtilsins sem ætlunin er að auki framleiðslu sína. Og
öfugt: ef nóg er af hormónum í blóðinu bæra heiladingull og hypo-
þalamus ekki á sér og láta kirtlana í friði.
Kynkirtlar og kynhormónar eru hluti hormónakerfisins. Kynkirtlar
kvenna nefnast eggjastokkar. Þeir gegna tvenns konar hlutverki: 1) í
þeim eru eggfrumur og í þeim þroskast egg í hverjum mánuði. 2)Þeir
mynda tvenns konar kynhormóna, östrógen og prógesteron. Eggja-
stokkarnir starfa á sama hátt og aðrir innkirtlar og lýst hefur verið hér að
framan, þ.e. ef skortur er á kynhormónum taka hypoþalamus og heila-
dingullinn við sér og ýta við eggjastokkunum. Ef nægilega mikið er af
kynhormónum eggjastokkanna í blóðinu þá láta heiladingullinn og
hypoþalamus eggjastokkana í friði.
Hafi maður gert sér grein fyrir samverkan heiladinguls, hypoþalamus
og eggjastokka er auðveldara að átta sig á áhrifum pillunnar.
Ahrif pillunnar: í samsettu pillunni eru tveir hormónar sem framleiddir
eru með efnafræðilegum aðferðum. Annar hormóninn (östrógenið)
verkar á svipaðan hátt og östrógen líkamans, hinn hormóninn (gestagen-
ið) tilheyrir efnaflokki sem kallast prógestagen-efni (eða bara gestagen),
en þessi efnaflokkur verkar á ýmsan hátt eins og prógesteronið sem
myndast í líkama konunnar. Þegar búið er að renna pillunni niður fer
hún í magann, niður í gamir og hormónamir tveir þaðan inn í blóðið.
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(303) Back Cover
(304) Back Cover
(305) Rear Flyleaf
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(307) Rear Board
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(309) Spine
(310) Fore Edge
(311) Scale
(312) Color Palette