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elviii
PUBLIC LIFE AT THE ALTHING.
attended with the strongest and most binding oaths,
and two vouchers were to follow every oath so taken by
the parties, who were to back on their word of honour or
on their oath the truth of what the others swore. The
number of the judges was increased, and four twelves
were to be named to sit as judges in the new court; but
as the old principle of three twelves was still regarded
as a thing too holy to touch, twelve of these were to be
challenged and set aside, six by the plaintiff and six by
the defendant, or the whole twelve by the plaintiff if
the defendant, when called on, refused to exercise his
right. In this way the great grievance of the common-
wealth was cured by the erection of a Court of Appeal,
as well as by a most important rule of the new tri-
bunal, which provided that the judges were no longer to
vote unanimously, but were allowed to divide and to
decide by a majority. At the same time by making the
new court the tribunal before which all cases of con-
tempt of the Thing were to come, cases which were
defined to be just that very bribery, corruption, chicanery,
and false swearing, of which the common man com-
plained, the excuse for resorting to the old system of
point and edge was cut away, for no man could now say
that it was impossible to get his rights except by the
sword; and, as a matter of fact, we find duelling as a
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(513) Spine
(514) Fore Edge
(515) Scale
(516) Color Palette