10 FROM ENGLAND TO ICELAND. and fantastic group of basaltic needle-rocks, that we go down to our berths, comforted by the cap- tain’s assurance that if we do not find ourselves high and dry upon the summit of some volcanic cone which may suddenly rise under us “ from the bottom of the deep blue sea,” we may expect to be lying safely at anchor off the Westmann’s Islands long before it is time to get up. In 1783, a month previous to the outbreak of the Shaptar- jokull—the most terrible eruption that has ever occurred in Iceland—a submarine volcano near what are called the Fire Rocks, forty miles south-west of Cape Reykjanes, burst forth and covered the sea with pumice stone to such a depth and extent that ships were impeded by it. Within a few months the volcano disappeared, but now forms a dangerous reef. Having been in Java six months after the catastrophe at Krakatoa, which in August, 1883, destroyed thirty thousand human beings; having seen the vast fields of pumice stone then floating in the Indian Ocean and in the Java Sea; and sailed in a steamer which, while lying in the Straits of Sunda, two days subsequent to the dreadful disaster above referred to, had a mar- vellous escape, only succeeding with the greatest difficulty in forcing her way through the immense mass of volcanic scum that covered the ocean for hundreds of miles round about to a depth of several feet; having seen evidences of the fearful nature of a submarine outburst in the huge breaches, in the massive sea wall at Batavia, made by the spent force of the great wave which— more than a hundred miles away—had absolutely swept two thriving cities—Anjers and Telok- betong—out of existence ; and having slept at the

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