256 Appendix. Should a compass of the ordinary card pattern be used, the following rules must be followed. In the west of Iceland, true north is represented by N.E. on the compass, and in the east of Iceland by N.E. by N. Keeping these rules in mind, it will not, I trust, be a difficult matter for any one to take true bearings, by whichever form of compass they may chance to be provided with. It will not perhaps be out of place to explain the importance of true bearing, and this will easily be understood when we remember that all maps are, or should be, constructed on the true meridian, and therefore all the bearings on it of one place from another are true bearings, so that a person who has lost his way would be unable, though furnished with a map and compass, to walk in the direction of any place he wished to go to, unless he understood taking a true bearing. Good compasses for travellers can be obtained at Porter’s, 181, Strand, and of any first-class optician, but the pattern I should strongly recommend is that adopted by the Royal Geographical Society. The card is so constructed that its points are visible when those of the ordinary form would be obscured by darkness. I need hardly say that a map should always be carried by a traveller in Iceland, and the map given in this volume has been specially constructed to meet that necessity. It doubtless contains some errors, and these can hardly be avoided until a more perfect survey of the island has been made, but it is as nearly accurate as the present state of our geographical knowledge will permit. For a larger map the reader is referred to the Olsen-Gunnlaugsson 4-sheet map of Iceland, and the Danish charts of the coast. Provisions. A party crossing the island, or remaining for any length of time far from Reykjavik or Akreyri, will have, in a great measure, to depend on their own resources; it will therefore be well to take a sufficient stock. It is true that, at nearly every farm, skyr, coffee, milk, and black bread can be obtained, and, if a stay is made, some very good mutton, but the arrival at a farm is generally unexpected, and the stay too short to admit of any preparation being made to entertain strangers ; besides which, a little fore- thought, in the commissariat department, makes one very independent as to whether the night shall be spent at a farm, or at some place where there is good grass for the horses ; I will therefore give a list of the kind of provisions which we found best suited for our trip. The quantity of each must depend on the number of the party and the district travelled in. Biscuits in 1 lb. tins, soldered up. Preserved meats in small tins. Prepared soups, and tapioca or sago to thicken soup, in strong bottles or tins. Small tins of Liebig’s extract of beef. Preserved vegetables in tins. These are very necessary, as no vege- tables can be procured in the country districts. Tins of cocoa (mixed with milk and sugar, ready for use). Dried herbs, in strong bottles, jams, sugar, pepper, salt, and tea.

(1) Front Board
(2) Front Board
(3) Front Flyleaf
(4) Front Flyleaf
(5) Page [1]
(6) Page [2]
(7) Illustration
(8) Illustration
(9) Page [3]
(10) Page [4]
(11) Page [5]
(12) Page [6]
(13) Page [7]
(14) Page [8]
(15) Page [9]
(16) Page [10]
(17) Page [11]
(18) Page [12]
(19) Page [13]
(20) Page [14]
(21) Page I
(22) Page II
(23) Page III
(24) Page IV
(25) Page V
(26) Page VI
(27) Page VII
(28) Page VIII
(29) Page IX
(30) Page X
(31) Page 1
(32) Page 2
(33) Page 3
(34) Page 4
(35) Page 5
(36) Page 6
(37) Page 7
(38) Page 8
(39) Page 9
(40) Page 10
(41) Page 11
(42) Page 12
(43) Page 13
(44) Page 14
(45) Page 15
(46) Page 16
(47) Illustration
(48) Illustration
(49) Page 17
(50) Page 18
(51) Page 19
(52) Page 20
(53) Page 21
(54) Page 22
(55) Page 23
(56) Page 24
(57) Illustration
(58) Illustration
(59) Page 25
(60) Page 26
(61) Page 27
(62) Page 28
(63) Illustration
(64) Illustration
(65) Illustration
(66) Illustration
(67) Page 29
(68) Page 30
(69) Page 31
(70) Page 32
(71) Page 33
(72) Page 34
(73) Page 35
(74) Page 36
(75) Page 37
(76) Page 38
(77) Page 39
(78) Page 40
(79) Page 41
(80) Page 42
(81) Page 43
(82) Page 44
(83) Page 45
(84) Page 46
(85) Illustration
(86) Illustration
(87) Page 47
(88) Page 48
(89) Page 49
(90) Page 50
(91) Page 51
(92) Page 52
(93) Page 53
(94) Page 54
(95) Page 55
(96) Page 56
(97) Page 57
(98) Page 58
(99) Page 59
(100) Page 60
(101) Illustration
(102) Illustration
(103) Page 61
(104) Page 62
(105) Page 63
(106) Page 64
(107) Page 65
(108) Page 66
(109) Page 67
(110) Page 68
(111) Page 69
(112) Page 70
(113) Page 71
(114) Page 72
(115) Page 73
(116) Page 74
(117) Page 75
(118) Page 76
(119) Page 77
(120) Page 78
(121) Illustration
(122) Illustration
(123) Page 79
(124) Page 80
(125) Page 81
(126) Page 82
(127) Page 83
(128) Page 84
(129) Page 85
(130) Page 86
(131) Page 87
(132) Page 88
(133) Page 89
(134) Page 90
(135) Page 91
(136) Page 92
(137) Page 93
(138) Page 94
(139) Page 95
(140) Page 96
(141) Page 97
(142) Page 98
(143) Page 99
(144) Page 100
(145) Page 101
(146) Page 102
(147) Page 103
(148) Page 104
(149) Page 105
(150) Page 106
(151) Page 107
(152) Page 108
(153) Page 109
(154) Page 110
(155) Page 111
(156) Page 112
(157) Page 113
(158) Page 114
(159) Page 115
(160) Page 116
(161) Page 117
(162) Page 118
(163) Page 119
(164) Page 120
(165) Page 121
(166) Page 122
(167) Page 123
(168) Page 124
(169) Illustration
(170) Illustration
(171) Page 125
(172) Page 126
(173) Illustration
(174) Illustration
(175) Page 127
(176) Page 128
(177) Page 129
(178) Page 130
(179) Page 131
(180) Page 132
(181) Page 133
(182) Page 134
(183) Page 135
(184) Page 136
(185) Page 137
(186) Page 138
(187) Page 139
(188) Page 140
(189) Page 141
(190) Page 142
(191) Page 143
(192) Page 144
(193) Page 145
(194) Page 146
(195) Page 147
(196) Page 148
(197) Page 149
(198) Page 150
(199) Page 151
(200) Page 152
(201) Page 153
(202) Page 154
(203) Page 155
(204) Page 156
(205) Page 157
(206) Page 158
(207) Page 159
(208) Page 160
(209) Page 161
(210) Page 162
(211) Page 163
(212) Page 164
(213) Illustration
(214) Illustration
(215) Page 165
(216) Page 166
(217) Page 167
(218) Page 168
(219) Page 169
(220) Page 170
(221) Page 171
(222) Page 172
(223) Page 173
(224) Page 174
(225) Page 175
(226) Page 176
(227) Page 177
(228) Page 178
(229) Page 179
(230) Page 180
(231) Page 181
(232) Page 182
(233) Page 183
(234) Page 184
(235) Page 185
(236) Page 186
(237) Page 187
(238) Page 188
(239) Page 189
(240) Page 190
(241) Page 191
(242) Page 192
(243) Page 193
(244) Page 194
(245) Page 195
(246) Page 196
(247) Page 197
(248) Page 198
(249) Page 199
(250) Page 200
(251) Page 201
(252) Page 202
(253) Page 203
(254) Page 204
(255) Page 205
(256) Page 206
(257) Page 207
(258) Page 208
(259) Page 209
(260) Page 210
(261) Page 211
(262) Page 212
(263) Page 213
(264) Page 214
(265) Page 215
(266) Page 216
(267) Page 217
(268) Page 218
(269) Page 219
(270) Page 220
(271) Page 221
(272) Page 222
(273) Page 223
(274) Page 224
(275) Page 225
(276) Page 226
(277) Page 227
(278) Page 228
(279) Page 229
(280) Page 230
(281) Page 231
(282) Page 232
(283) Page 233
(284) Page 234
(285) Page 235
(286) Page 236
(287) Page 237
(288) Page 238
(289) Page 239
(290) Page 240
(291) Page 241
(292) Page 242
(293) Page 243
(294) Page 244
(295) Page 245
(296) Page 246
(297) Page 247
(298) Page 248
(299) Page 249
(300) Page 250
(301) Page 251
(302) Page 252
(303) Page 253
(304) Page 254
(305) Page 255
(306) Page 256
(307) Page 257
(308) Page 258
(309) Page 259
(310) Page 260
(311) Page 261
(312) Page 262
(313) Page 263
(314) Page 264
(315) Page 265
(316) Page 266
(317) Page 267
(318) Page 268
(319) Page 269
(320) Page 270
(321) Page 271
(322) Page 272
(323) Illustration
(324) Illustration
(325) Rear Flyleaf
(326) Rear Flyleaf
(327) Rear Board
(328) Rear Board
(329) Spine
(330) Fore Edge
(331) Scale
(332) Color Palette