124 A Girl's Ride in Iceland. quite cold, but with sufficient force to wet us uncomfortably. This great fountain display continued in full force a quarter of an hour ; then the column gradu- ally got smaller, though steam and water issued from its mouth for a full half-hour before it quite subsided. It was a splendid spectacle, and one which left a great impression on our minds ; the height of the column was fully 60 feet, and even after it had subsided, we remained some time in contemplation of its cause and effect. Speaking of Geysers, Professor Geikie says,— ‘ Eruptive formations of hot water and steam, to which the general name of Geyser (i.e., gusher) is given from the examples in Iceland, which were the first to be seen and described, mark a declin- ing phase of volcanic activity. . . . It is from irregular tube-like excrescences that the eruptions take place. The term Geyser is restricted to active openings whence columns of hot water and steam are from time to time ejected; the non-eruptive pools are only hot springs. A true Geyser should thus possess an underground pipe or passage, ter- minating at the surface in an opening built round with deposits_ of sinter. At more or less regular intervals, rumblings and sharp detonations in the pipe are followed by an agitation of water in the basin, and then the violent expulsion of a column of water and steam to a considerable height in the air.’ Dr Samuel Kneeland, in his interesting book on Iceland, says,—

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