ODAFSEN AND- POVELSEN S 1(0 occurred in the year 1004; and another chronicle asserts that Elie one of 1029 Was the third. But in general the histories of the country do not agree on this point: for from certain annals which speak only of great eruptions, mount Hecla appears to have un- dergone no more than twelve; while others contend that sixteen have taken place, We, however, after attentive reading and care- ful research, ascertained that it has experienced twenty-two erup- tions, without reckoning those the periods of which are uncertain, though many take them into the account; because the same erup- tion hassometimes lasted upwards of a year, or one has commenced in winter and continued till the succeeding spring. Most of the annals of Iceland agree in stating that the first known eruption from mount Hecla took place between the years 1004 and 1106; while the last overflow of its crater was in the year 1693. A fire broke out among the surrounding lava in the year 1728. In 1554 there were remarked several violent eruptions from the mountains contiguous to Hecla on the northern side, and the fire appeared for the last time in 1754 in the lava to the west of this volcano: the fire ifi question lasted three days. The intervals between the eruptions of Hecla are very un- equal : for from two to five and ten, years sometimes scarcely pass in tranquillity, while at others from fifty to sixty years occur be- tween two eruptions; and in 1765 upwards of seventy years had elapsed since the last fermentation, on which account the inhabitants were daily expecting an eruption more violent than ever. In 1766 their fears were realised: for on the 5th of April an approaching eruption was announced by earthquakes, and it began by an exhalation of smoke and flame; while pebbles and large stones were propelled to a prodigious distance. The fermentation re-commenced in 1767; and in 1768 flames still continued to rise at night from the crater. M. Biarae Povelsen visited mount Hecla in 1762, to collect volcanic or volcanised substances; but a fog which came on, prevented him from ascending. He only met with a variation of the common melted stone marked with ligneous fibres: it resem- bled jasper, was of a red colour, and on breaking exhibited yel- lowish veins; the filaments were black. This specimen was evidently ferruginous. We have spoken of the fossil-wood called Surturbrand, which has been petrified after being turned into charcoal. In 1750, M. E. Olafsen found a specimen of it in the mountain of Draapehlid; and these two species of stones exhibit a singular proof of the metamorphoses that are affected by volcanoes, OF THE GEYSElt. The Geyser is -a boiling spring ia the southern district,, which

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