64 OJ.AFSEN AND FOVELSEN’s forms and figures. There may frequently be seen large crevices, vaults, and arches in the rocks, but particularly three caverns, situated a quarter of a mile to the south of the Sourther. One of these was formerly considered a very convenient place for col- lecting the sheep, when sending them to pasture, it being very long, with an entrance only wide enough to admit the sheep con- veniently ; after which they dispersed themselves over the cavern, which was large enough to contain two thousand of these animals. The third of these caves is the longest of all, as it receives at one end a branch of the river of Nordling, and disembogues it at a distance of a quarter of a mile. The entrance to the cavern of Sourther is gloomy, and runs from N. W. to S. E. but preserves its height, which is from thirty to thirty-six feet, while its width is from fifty to fifty-four. Its soil or bottom is uneven, sometimes rising, and at others falling; its partitions are the same, only that there is an equal distance between them. On advancing, it is perceived that the cavern turns to the south, and afterwards to the S. W. and W. in proportion as it diminishes in width. Our travellers on entering the cavern, lighted a torch, of which they had brought a supply from Copenhagen; it was well covered with wax and a thick coating of rosin, so as to resist the strong current of air that prevails in subterraneous passages, as well as the drops of water that fall from the upper rocks. Their progress was the most difficult and dangerous that can be imagined, on account of the inequality of the soil, which was covered with large fragments of stone, and to the fall of which they were incessantly exposed, as great numbers drop every year. The vault of the cavern possesses almost the same degree of irregularity from the causes already mentioued, as well as from the stalactites that adhere to it; the roof is full of crevices, which extend longitudinally and perpendicular, and afford passages for the filtration of water. ' In this cavern there are stalactites of various sizes, the largest are three inches long by two and a half in diameter at their base; 'they receive by fusion, the same form as lava-stone, and appear to be composed of the same substance : they are, how- ever, rather finer, and are covered externally with a reddish- coloured varnish; internally, they are more or less porous and compact, proceeding probably from the greater or less degree of heat, to which they have been subjected. The sides or partitions of the cavern produce the greatest effect, as they are covered with a sort of varnish in horizontal squares, separated by borders in relief. This varnish is formed of a very fine vitreous, but opaque matter: in some parts it is black, but it is generally of a greenish colour, and similar to

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