A SUMMER IN ICELAND. 399 must lie useless, for as yet there are no means of conveying it to the coast for shipment. The export of sulphur has been increasing greatly, it is true, from 100,000 tons (=£400,000) in 1855 to 200,000 (=£1,000,000) in 1871, hut the export is regu- lated rather by the demand in foreign markets than by the supply. The large quantity made from iron pyrites of late years in many European countries has, of course, much lowered the demand on Sicily. In 1871 the quantities fell to 180,000 tons (= £956,000), hut in 1872 they rallied to 192,000 tons. This quantity was thus distributed : Great Britain and her colonies took 16,418 tons.1 France,.... 41,699 „ United States, . 21,846 „ Germany and Austria, . 22,348 „ Italy and the East, 47,160 „ Russia, .... 1,526 ,, Spain and Portugal, 8,236 ,, Other countries, 3,008 „ Grand total, 192,241 „ “ I should remark that the quantities stated above are from the official returns of the custom-house; they are probably under- stated to the extent of 25 to 50 per cent., few exporters declar- ing the full quantity or value, and the Doganieri having scant interest to verify the declarations. The amount exported last year (1873) was probably not much under 300,000 tons. “ The great rise of prices in the necessaries of life of late years, and the increased demand for labour, consequent on the con- struction of railways, harbours, and other public works, have doubled the price of sulphur in Sicily. But when the network of railways with which it is proposed to intersect the island is completed, when the country roads are laid out to feed them, and when the ports of Girgenti, Licata, and Catania, are en- larged and deepened, so as to accommodate vessels of large size, then it will soon be ascertained what treasures of sulphur Sicily still contains.” 1 “Brimstone” in the Mining Journal (September 19, 1874) made England import in 1872 a total of 50,049 tons (= £336,216), but in 1873 only 45,467 tons (= £299,727).

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