46 OLAFSEN AND POVELSEN’s on the glaciers every night. Hence the masses in question being covered with sand, as is already observed, the rays of the sun act but little upon them in the day-time, so that the small solution they undergo externally, serves, after the frost that occurs at night, only to render the sand that covers them, more even, or to form it into a more compact mass with the snow'. Thus the currents of air whirling round these little eminences, and acting from their base up to their summit, form, from the heaps of sand and ice, the we have been describing. HOLES FORMED AMONGST THE TOY EMINENCES. We were very much surprized to iiud amongst these pyramids, several holes formed in the ice, most of which were about a foot in diameter,.though some were two or three feet; several of these were so deep that we could not find their bottom, in consequence perhaps, of their running obliquely : they were filled with a very cold and limpid water. It is perhaps more difficult to define the origin of these holes, than that of the pyramids; but we may, with tolerable certainty, attribute them partly to small strata of ice heaped on each other, having given way to the action of the. waters and the air. The ice is generally more or less full of holes, because in proportion as the water freezes, the air concentrates within it, and accumulates in the form of bulbs, round or oblong, some of which are even six inches in diameter, while others are so small as to be almost imperceptible, though very numerous. The ice which is formed on the rivulets and lakes of fresh water, is filled in spring with such a multitude of these holes, that it appears like a sponge, in consequence of the water and air bursting at the surface by the elasticity they acquire. Hence the largest holes appear in places, w here the ice has had more vesicles collected together. That ice w hich arises on the sea and at Greenland, approaches in its quality very near to that of the glaciers, as well in its colour as in its compactness and specific gravity. The w'ater also which the latter contains, pos- sesses the same limpidity, and has a taste equally agreeable, as that of the glaciers; we consequently are of opinion, that w'liat has been said relative to the formation of the bladders or bubbles, applies likewise to those of the sea and Greenland. We must, nevertheless, observe, that, though the ice of the glaciers be hard and compact, it contains much less extraneous matter, than that which is formed in other parts ; because the latter is mixed internally with particles of earth, sand, and small stones, conveyed by the wind and rain from the neighbouring pastures. We at, length quitted this dreadful region, in which we had

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