110 GUIDE TO ICELAND. The first eruption of Hekla, after the settlement of Iceland was brought about, according to a mythical legend, by a man named SsemumSr, who threw a casket into a crater at the summit and ‘ awoke the sleeping lion.’ The following were the most violent of the eruptions :— a.d. 1294.—‘ Fifth eruption from Hekla, Yiolent earthquakes, huge chasms opened in the earth; wells and fountains became white as milk for three days; Rang a (Wrong-river) changed its course; rivers were covered with pumice. Some new hot springs came into existence, others vanished.’ a.d. 1300. ‘Sixth eruption, July 13th, one of the most violent on record. The ashes were borne by a S.W. wind over the North country and covered a large portion of it. Great earthquakes. Famine and great loss of life followed.’ a.d. 1436. ‘ Ninth eruption—Eighteen homesteads destroyed.’ a.d. 1510. ‘Tenth eruption, July 25th; great fall of ashes, huge blocks of lava were cast at a long distance out of the mountain ; many people were killed by these falling.’ a.d. 1597. ‘ Twelfth eruption, excessively violent, began January 3rd; the loud reports were heard for twelve successive days even in the northernmost parts of the country; eighteen columns of fire were seen rising from the mountain . . . the ashes covered about one-half of the country, from Borgarfjdr&r (Burg-fjord) in' the West to the district called Lon (Wash) in the East, and North as far as Bar&ardalr (Bard’s-dale). The same spring there oc- curred earthquakes about Olves, through which many farmsteads fell in. . . .’ a.d. 1845.-—The seventeenth and last. ‘Commenced on the 2nd September and continued for seven months. The ashes were carried over to Shetland, and the column of smoke rising out of the mountain reached a height of 14,000 feet (Danish). The lava which this eruption produced contained a mass of 14,400 millions of cubic feet (Danish).’ It is asserted that during this eruption the mountain lost 500 feet in height, so much of the summit having been blown away by the explosions. Burton laughs at the writers, saying : ‘ They forget or ignore the fact that the new crater opened laterally, and low down.’ The forgetfulness is on the part of Burton himself, who ignores the fact that ashes, scoriae and rock were ejected from the craters at the summit, whose re- mains are now to be seen, and that the crater low down was the one whence issued the lava. In making the ascent, a little over an hour’s climb after leaving

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