ROUTE I.--TO GEYSIR AND HEKLA. 113 skirts the coast thence to the parsonage and church of StrariKar- hirhja (Church-by-the-Strand), where a halt maybe made for coffee. Shortly after leaving here the hays of the UlP&arvatn, a brackish sheet of water, formerly an inlet from the sea, will he waded through. Four hours’ ride thence, through a grim volcanic region, intersected with old lava-flows, will bring the travellers to Kr’uuv’ik. There is no parsonage here, the church being a chapel of ease; therefore quarters must be sought at the farm near by, whose owner, a widow, does all she can for travellers, and is moderate in her charges. The accommodation is very rude and limited, hut there are several other farms—also rather poor ones—in the vicinity. Eleventh Day.—Should the travellers wish to reach Reykjavik to-night, early rising will enable them to devote four hours to the exploration of the solfatarar here and yet get away by midday, and eight hours later will see them safely back in the capital. A day, however, can be pleasantly passed here by those with a taste for geology. The Kr'isuv'ik solfatarar have been thus described:— In a valley, bordered by high mountains, is a green and extensive morass, interspersed with a few lakes. In the midst of the morass ‘ are cauldrons of boiling mud, some of them fifteen feet in diameter, numberless jets of steam, and boiling mud issuing from the ground, in many instances to the height of six or eight feet.’ Mr. Charles ~W. Vincent, F.C.E., the writer here quoted, further says:—‘ Sir George Mackenzie .... in his justly celebrated “ Travels in Iceland” gives a vivid word picture of the scene : “It is impossible,” he writes, “to convey adequate ideas of the wonders of its terrors. The sensation of a person, even of firm nerves, standing on a support which feebly sustains him, where literally fire and brim- stone are in incessant action, having before his eyes tremendous proofs of what is going on beneath him, enveloped in thick vapours, his ears stunned with thundering noises—these can hardly be expressed in words, and can only he conceived by those who have experienced them.” ’ ‘ The actual extent of the sulphur beds it is quite impossible to calculate ; hut from Krfsuvfk to Hengill (the steaming mountain S.W. of JI’mgvallavatn) forty-seven have been discovered........ The deposit of sulphur I personally saw at Exfsuvfk must amount to many thousand tons (the mines are now worked by a Scotch firm, so that probably not so much sulphur will he seen); hitherto the sulphur taken away has been reproduced in two or three years (?), all the mines, or nearly all, being in a living state.’ (Captain Commerell’s Reports, July, 1857.) 8

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