CONCLUSION--DESERT ROUTES. 175 nephew, mentioned before in this work. Each party took a local guide from the last farm on the fringe of the desert; Tshdll (Ice- hill) on the north, and Hagi (Pasture), or Hagaey (Pasture-isle), on the south. It appears to be preferable to cross from north to south than in the opposite direction; as from Alcureyri, the chief town in the north, the last farm before entering the desert, Tshdll, may be reached in one day’s easy journey, with no large rivers to ford or ferry by the way, while from Reykjavik to Hagi is three days’ stiffish ride, and the ponies have to swim at least two wide rivers and ford several others. Dr. Foster’s party killed one of their ponies on this journey. They set out from Husavik ; and their halting- places were Stdruvellir, the first night; Tshill, the second night. Deft here 1D10 a.m., and arrived at Ki^&agil (Kid-gill), the camping place for the night, at 4'50 p.m., poor pasturage. Set out at 6-15 a.m. of the fourth day, and at 6-10 p.m. reached the camping ground, near Arnarfell (Eagle-fell), ‘ a well-marked group of three sharp peaks surrounded by ice on three sides. Here there was good pasturage.’ Left at 9 a.m. the fifth day, and ‘at 6'10 p.m. we reached our quarters for the night, the good farm of JTugi.’ From this place the party made a forced march to Reykjavik in two days, halting the first night at Reykir, south-west of jlingvallavatn. ‘ In all we had sixty streams to cross,’ Dr. Foster says, ‘ all very rapid, and of course icy cold.’ It must not be forgotten there are no well- known fords, and, as most of those streams drain glaciers, their beds deepen and change with the floods every summer. Dr. Foster adds : ‘ Quicksands abound not only between the streams, but sometimes in them ; down your pony goes, floundering up to his middle, and off you must jump to give him a chance of recovering himself.’ Mr. Peek’s party crossed by a slightly different route, passing fifteen miles to the east of the Arnarfell, and were five days between Hagi and Mjofidalr, a farm a short distance north-east of I'shill. The first night’s encampment was at a place known as Knappolduhver. The next day’s journey was ‘ over a complete desert,’ and the camp- ing place for the night on the right bank of the pjdrsa, at a small grassy oasis named Sdleyjahdfdi (Sun-island-head). The next day’s ride brought the party to Kyvindarkofahver, ‘a place so remote from all the farms, that an outlaw named Eyvindr lived there unmolested for many years.’ At this place, and also at Knappolduhver, there is probably a hot spring, to judge by the suffix ‘ hver.’ Ten hours’ ride on the fourth day brought the party to KPSagil, and the next day’s journey to Mjdfidalr. Mr. Peek, in a paper describing the journey read at a meeting of the Hoyal Geographical Society on the

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