54 GUIDE TO ICELAND. Some members of this sect found their way to Iceland long prior to the discovery of the island, in 860, by Naddoddr, a Norse Yi'king; and they left traces behind them in the cells in which they dwelt, and in a few simple articles of church furniture found therein. This sect was not likely to spread, ‘ being no lovers of women’; and it is not known for certain whether any of the anchorites were found actually living in Iceland by the Norsemen or not. There is some reason for believing that the Culdees who sought Iceland were Irish. Naddoddr, while on a voyage from Norway to the Faroes, was driven to the north-west by a storm, and sighted Iceland, which he named 1 Snmland ’ (Snowland). Four years later a Swede, GarSar Svafarsson, circumnavigated the island ; named it ‘ Gar’Sarsholm ’; and, it is asserted, wintered at Husav'ik on the north coast, where he built a house, hence the name Housewick. It was next visited, in 868, by Floki YilgerSarsson, a mighty Yiking; who, finding the northern coasts invested with ice, gave the island ‘ its present grim and gristly title.’ The first permanent settlers of the Norse race were two foster- brothers, Ingolfr and Leifr (commonly called Hjorleifr = Sword Leifr). These two men, for the slaying of an enemy in a ‘blood- feud’ in Norway, had their estates in that country confiscated. They fitted out a ship and set sail for Iceland, of which they had heard from Floki, where they arrived in the year 874, and settled in the south. Ingolfr, some three years later, removed to the south-west, and settled on the spot which is now the capital. Leifr, prior to this, was murdered by his Irish thralls. The assassins fled to the Vestmannaeyjar (Westmans, or Irishmen’s Isles; to which that name was given in consequence), but were followed and killed by Ingolfr. Harald Haarfager (the Fair-haired) at this time was extending his kingdom over the whole of Norway, and as he increased in power behaved in such a tyrannical manner that a great number of his subjects, including many powerful chiefs too proud to submit to him, quitted the land of their forefathers and sought a home in Iceland. This emigration attained such great proportions, that Harald attempted to check it by issuing an order ‘ that no one should set sail to Iceland without paying four ounces of fine silver to the Crown.’ The island was far different then to what is now, and had greater attractions to settlers. The climate must have been more temperate, for ‘ corn ripened, the tracts of grass-land were of greater extent,

(1) Front Board
(2) Front Board
(3) Front Flyleaf
(4) Front Flyleaf
(5) Page [1]
(6) Page [2]
(7) Page [3]
(8) Page [4]
(9) Page [5]
(10) Page [6]
(11) Page [7]
(12) Page [8]
(13) Illustration
(14) Illustration
(15) Page [9]
(16) Page [10]
(17) Page [11]
(18) Page [12]
(19) Page [13]
(20) Page [14]
(21) Page 1
(22) Page 2
(23) Page 3
(24) Page 4
(25) Page 5
(26) Page 6
(27) Page 7
(28) Page 8
(29) Page 9
(30) Page 10
(31) Page 11
(32) Page 12
(33) Page 13
(34) Page 14
(35) Page 15
(36) Page 16
(37) Page 17
(38) Page 18
(39) Page 19
(40) Page 20
(41) Page 21
(42) Page 22
(43) Page 23
(44) Page 24
(45) Page 25
(46) Page 26
(47) Page 27
(48) Page 28
(49) Page 29
(50) Page 30
(51) Page 31
(52) Page 32
(53) Page 33
(54) Page 34
(55) Page 35
(56) Page 36
(57) Page 37
(58) Page 38
(59) Page 39
(60) Page 40
(61) Page 41
(62) Page 42
(63) Page 43
(64) Page 44
(65) Page 45
(66) Page 46
(67) Page 47
(68) Page 48
(69) Page 49
(70) Page 50
(71) Page 51
(72) Page 52
(73) Page 53
(74) Page 54
(75) Page 55
(76) Page 56
(77) Page 57
(78) Page 58
(79) Page 59
(80) Page 60
(81) Page 61
(82) Page 62
(83) Page 63
(84) Page 64
(85) Page 65
(86) Page 66
(87) Page 67
(88) Page 68
(89) Page 69
(90) Page 70
(91) Page 71
(92) Page 72
(93) Page 73
(94) Page 74
(95) Page 75
(96) Page 76
(97) Page 77
(98) Page 78
(99) Page 79
(100) Page 80
(101) Page 81
(102) Page 82
(103) Page 83
(104) Page 84
(105) Page 85
(106) Page 86
(107) Page 87
(108) Page 88
(109) Page 89
(110) Page 90
(111) Page 91
(112) Page 92
(113) Page 93
(114) Page 94
(115) Page 95
(116) Page 96
(117) Page 97
(118) Page 98
(119) Page 99
(120) Page 100
(121) Page 101
(122) Page 102
(123) Page 103
(124) Page 104
(125) Page 105
(126) Page 106
(127) Page 107
(128) Page 108
(129) Page 109
(130) Page 110
(131) Page 111
(132) Page 112
(133) Page 113
(134) Page 114
(135) Page 115
(136) Page 116
(137) Page 117
(138) Page 118
(139) Page 119
(140) Page 120
(141) Page 121
(142) Page 122
(143) Page 123
(144) Page 124
(145) Page 125
(146) Page 126
(147) Page 127
(148) Page 128
(149) Page 129
(150) Page 130
(151) Page 131
(152) Page 132
(153) Page 133
(154) Page 134
(155) Page 135
(156) Page 136
(157) Page 137
(158) Page 138
(159) Page 139
(160) Page 140
(161) Page 141
(162) Page 142
(163) Page 143
(164) Page 144
(165) Page 145
(166) Page 146
(167) Page 147
(168) Page 148
(169) Page 149
(170) Page 150
(171) Page 151
(172) Page 152
(173) Page 153
(174) Page 154
(175) Page 155
(176) Page 156
(177) Page 157
(178) Page 158
(179) Page 159
(180) Page 160
(181) Page 161
(182) Page 162
(183) Page 163
(184) Page 164
(185) Page 165
(186) Page 166
(187) Page 167
(188) Page 168
(189) Page 169
(190) Page 170
(191) Page 171
(192) Page 172
(193) Page 173
(194) Page 174
(195) Page 175
(196) Page 176
(197) Page 177
(198) Page 178
(199) Page 179
(200) Page 180
(201) Page 181
(202) Page 182
(203) Page 183
(204) Page 184
(205) Page [1]
(206) Page [2]
(207) Page [3]
(208) Page [4]
(209) Page [5]
(210) Page [6]
(211) Page [7]
(212) Page [8]
(213) Rear Flyleaf
(214) Rear Flyleaf
(215) Rear Board
(216) Rear Board
(217) Spine
(218) Fore Edge
(219) Scale
(220) Color Palette