13 Heldning', og endelig selve Keglens Heldning paa 42°. Paa 0stsiden sees Underdelens Skraaning paa 10° at skyde sig foran de fjemere, i Skygge liggende Partier. der staa ud som Ribber fra den geometriske pvre Kegle. Solen stod,' da Kraterets Konturer og Skygger skitseredes, i Vest, i Papirets Plan. Den stejle Kratervseg er paa mange Steder snefri, og den sorte Aske viser her store Flekker af ofte bizarre Fi- gurer. Kraterranden er tagget, men Sneen, der dsekker den, giver Randen med dens Tagger ejendommelig blpde Omrids. Kraterranden er lipjest paa Vestsiden; der maal- tes en gjennemsnitlig Heldning af den overste Linie af 27a Grad. Det ‘hojeste Punkt af Beerenberg ligger saaledes (nu) paa Kraterets Vestside og, som Fig. 4 viser, noget mod Ford. Det er dette Punkt, kvis Hojde vi have spgt at bestemme med -et rundt Tal til 1950 Meter. Fra Loddestationerne toge Officererne Pejlinger til Gens nordlige og sydlige Del. At bestemme Skibets paa- vaerende Plads efter. Pejlingerne og Scoresby’s Kart, viste sig omtrent ugjorligt, da dette, i Overensstemmelse med de seldre bollandske Karter, giver Sydlandet for langt og for smalt. Medens vi vare paa Spen, havde vi Anledning til at iagttage de voldsomme Hvirvelvinde, der kunne blase under Beerenberg. For et Sejlskib maatte disse vsere yderst generende med de pludselige Omslag i Vindens Retning under sterke Byger. I disse maaltes en Vindbastigbed af 15 Meter pr. Secund, den stprste Vindhastigbed vi iagttog under 1877 Aars Rejse. Fra Seen saa vi, bvorledes det fine Tufsand fra 7Eg0en reves lps og fortes hpjt op i Luf- ten som en mork Rogsky med de sterke Vindbyger. Med den vulkanske 0 for 0jne skulde der ikke nogen sterk Indbildningskraft til, for at man kunde tro-at se Ildsluer bryde ud fra JEgpen og saaledes komme til at medbringe Efterretning om at have vajret tilstede ved et vulkansk Udbrud. Heldigvis liavde vi Dagen for havt Anledning til at overbevise os om Sagens sande Natur. Om Aftenen ankrede vi i den store Rsekvedbugt et Par Kvartmil i Sydvest for den forrige Ankerplads. Nseste Morgen,, den 2den August, var Beerenberg fremdeles synlig. Vi lettede og stod ostover, passerede H5g0en og loddede i 195 Favne udenfor Sydbrseen. Paa Veien saa' jeg tydelig inde paa Underlandet under Krater Vogt det af Carl Vogt i 1860 observerede og beskrevne lave Krater- Berna. Fremdeles saa jeg, at Sydbrseen gik lige til Stranden, men at denis nederste Del var bedsekket med Smuds. Efter Lodningen gjorde vi et Forsog til Be-- stemmelse af Hojden af Beerenberg. Efter et godt Med (iEgpens Kant over et markeret Punkt inde . paa Land) sejledes i en nojagtig udmaalt Tid, medens Skibets Fart hv'ert 5te Minut observeredes efter Loggemaskinen. Ved Begyndelsen og Enden af dette Tidsrum maalte med Sex- short distance 28°, the incline of1 the upper cone itself reaching, as previously -stated, 42°. On the east side, the slope of the lower cone, that shelves at an angle of 10°, was seen extending before the more remote parts of the upper declivity, which lay in shadow, and like huge ribs project from the upper cone. When sketching the contours and shadows of the crater, I had the sun in the same plane as the paper. The precipitous walls of the crater being in many places bare of snow, large patches of the black sur- face make their appearance, many of them grotesque in form. The ridge of the crater is extremely rugged; but the -snow covering the jagged edges imparts a wonderful softness of outline. The ridge of the crater is highest on the west side; and its average incline was found to be 21/a degrees. The most elevated point of Mount Beerenberg is accordingly (now) on the west side of the crater, and, as shown in Fig. 4, lies a little towards the north. It is this point the altitude of which we have approximately deter- mined at 6400 feet. From the sounding-stations, the ships officers took bearings of points in the northern and southern parts of the island. To determine the ship’s position from bearings and Scoresby’s map proved well-nigh impossible, since the latter, based as it is on the earlier Dutch maps, gives the south- ern part of the island at once too long and too narrow. Whilst engaged in sounding, we had opportunity of observing the violent whirlwinds that are often encountered on passing east of Beerenberg. To sailing-vessels they must prove a serious annoyance, owing to the sudden changes in the direction of the wind during heavy squalls. On one such occasion the velocity of the wind was found to reach 15 metres a second, the greatest velocity observed on the cruise in 1877. In the strong eddying gusts the fine tuff-sand of Egg Island would be caught and whirled aloft like a dense cloud of dust or ashes. With the vol- canic island in immediate proximity, it required no great stretch of the imagination to fancy you saw flames bursting, forth from the crater, and thus bring away the erroneous impression of having witnessed a volcanic eruption. For- tunately, we had had on the previous day opportunity of ascertaining the true nature of the phenomenon. In the evening we cast anchor in Great Wood Bay, a couple of miles south-west of our former anchorage. Next morning, August the 2nd, Mount Beerenberg was still visible. We got under weigh, steering east, past Egg Island, and sounded in 195 fathoms, off the southern glacier. As we steamed along the coast, I 'could plainly distinguish on the low-lying tract beneath Vogt’s crater the low Berna crater, observed and described by Carl Vogt in I860.- Moreover, I could follow the direction of the southern glacier to where it reaches the sea: its lower ex- tremity was covered with dirt. After sounding, an attempt was made to determine Ihe altitude of Mount Beerenberg. Selecting a good bearing (the base of the outer wall of Egg Island in a line with a salient inland point) we steamed ahead in this direction for a given time, accurately measured, the

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