48 THE NORTH ATLANTIC TELEGRAPH. vast quantity of drifting-ice which, at certain periods of the year, offers such impediments to navigation, and which, with westerly winds, enter and sometimes fill the fiords. Fortunately, this stream of ice is not generally capricious in its arrival or its departure, although in some seasons its quantity is increased and its presence on the coast protracted over longer periods. Such was the case in the summer of the present year (1860); it was, in fact, quite an exceptional season in regard to the quantity and long continuance of the ice upon the west coast of Greenland. During my residence of seven years I have not seen the ice in such quantity nor continued so long upon the coast. Several intelligent Danish inhabitants of the colonies informed me that more than 30 years had elapsed since there had been so much ice seen there and remaining so long. It is to this fact that the account of the state of the ice on the coast of Greenland, as given last year by Colonel Shaffner, appeared to the expedition per “ Bulldog,” to differ so much from their own observations made this summer. It is during the early part of the year and summer that the drifting-ice makes its appearance on the west coast of Greenland, usually coming slowly round Cape Farewell in the end of January or beginning of February, reaching Julianshaab in that month, and continuing to pass that place until the middle of September, when the ice stream gradually diminishes, until in the month of October the sea becomes free from ice, so much so, that but one or two straggling bergs can be seen from the highest mountains; whereas, when the ice is at the worst, no open water can be seen from the same height. These are the general conditions of the ice on the west coast of Greenland, and all others are exceptional cases. The ice-stream, after reaching to about the latitude of Fiskernaes, keeps further off from the land, and scatters and opens, so that about Godthaab, Holsteinberg, and the district to the north, the coast is almost always accessible, even when

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