RERGWELENrS VOYAGE TO fflE NORTH. Ofiend (Eaft-end). Oftend particularly fignalized itfelf by the fiege which it fuftainei iu 1601 againft the archduke. This fiege, which laded three years, began in the month of July l6oi ; and the town did not capitulate until September 1604. There periflied during the fiege fifteen colonels, feven marfhals, five hundred and fixty-five captains, eleven hundred and fixty-fix lieutenants, three hundred and twenty-two enfigns, four thoufand nine hundred and eleven ferjeants, nine thoufand one hundred and fixty-fix corporals, fix hundred and ten anfpaffades, fifty-four thoufand three hundred and fixty- fix foldfors, fix thoufand and eleven failors, eleven hundred and ninety-fix women and children ; making in the whole leventy-eight thoufand perfons and upwards. Oftend only began to be fortified in 1572. It was however a town known for feverai ages be- fore ; for it is feen in the grand Flanders Chronicle, that Robert de Frife, eighteenth count of Flanders,died in 109 3, after reigning twenty-two years, and built thirty churches, dedicated to St. Peter, the firft of which was erefted at Oftend. The abridgment of the Flemifh Chronicle fpeaks alfo of Oftend, in mentioning Philipes Elfaten, fixteentn count of Flanders, who died in 1191, and who caufed to be hung and expofed along the coaft, from Blankemberg to Oftend, eighty Norman gentlemen, who had feized upon fome blips belonging to the princefs of Portugal his wife. In the time of Philipes Elfaten, there was taken on the coaft near Oftend a fea-monfter, forty feet long, with eight large fins. Jaques Marchantiers, in his defcription of Flanders, book I. page 79, fays, in fpeaking of this monfter, Rojiro aquilino, crijia gladiata; the expreftion crifta gladiata, makes me conceive it to have been a kind of fword-fifh; perhaps it was a particular fpecies. After repairing my veflel at Offend, and refrefliing my crew, I made difpofitions to continue my courfe to Breft, the twelfth of September. The thirteenth, at noon, the wind blew pretty frefh from the eaft, the weather over- caft, I left the port, keeping clofe to the eaftern jetty. When outfide the jetties we fleered weft, to pals to the fouth of the buoy, which is at the extremity of the bank be- fore the port. After pafling this buoy we bore W. N. W. and W. S. W., coafting along fhore, three quarters of a league diftant, till we got oppofite to Nieuport, which we rounded, keeping rather farther from fhore. At four o’clock we directed our courfe fouth, to avoid the point to the eaft of Brae, and gain the entrance of the road of Dun- kirk on the eaftern fide. When wide of the Brae on the eaft, a veffel is defirous of nearing the land to gain the channel, the tower of St. Catherine fhould be kept in line with the two towers ofBergues, keeping however thofe of Bergues a little to the eaft of that of St. Catherine, which is the only tower on the coaft in this neighbourhood. Knowing by founding, or the increafed depth of water, that we had paffed the point eaft of the Brae, and that we were in the channel at the entrance of the road, we fleered N. W. and N. quarter W,, under top-fails* to look for our anchorage. At half pad four o’clock we eaft anchor in feven fathoms water, with a bottom of muddy fand, and we moored eaft and weft, the fame bottom and fame foundings. Being moored, the battery bore S. quarter S. W., and the tower of Dunkirk S. I ought not to forget to obferve, that in going from Oftend to Dunkirk there is a channel more fecure and eafy than that which we took, particularly for a veffel like l’Hirondelld : a veffel has need to coaft the fhore at no more than a quarter of a league diftant, and take care in rounding the bank which is at the entrance of Nieuport. The road of Dunkirk is good, on account of there being but little water (fix, feven, eight, and nine fathom?), and the ground hold- ing well. This road would hold the largeft fleet; it is fhutonly by a fand-bank, called the Brae, on which at low water there is but one fathom water, and which in fome places even is dry. .The winds the inoft to be apprehended in this road are thofe from

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(77) Saurblað
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(79) Band
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(81) Kjölur
(82) Framsnið
(83) Kvarði
(84) Litaspjald