SPEECH OF COL. SHAFFNER AT GLASGOW. 19 about seeing tbe sunshine; I wanted to see the route in its worst appearance. On sounding the seas between Labrador and Greenland, and Greenland and Iceland, we found that there were beautiful bottoms, very regular and of soft mud, with not the slightest appearance of volcanic action; the Davis Strait sea gradually descends from Labrador to within 100 miles of Green- land, starting with 190 fathoms, and terminating with 2090 fathoms. From that 100 mile point it ascends gradually as far as 40 miles interior through the bays into Greenland. Such was the character and the depth of the bottom. The cannon ball, on descending with the plummet, forced it far into the mud, and the plummet drew up from the bottom what looked to be fine yellow clay. On examining this bottom there were found innumerable shells. We found that kind of bottom all the way. In the bays of Greenland it was a species of sand, apparently; but that, too, proved to be shells. I will now, Mr. Chairman, proceed to detail to you some of the particulars of the late expedition—of its organisation and what was done during that voyage, feeble as it was, though most successful in so far as it went. After having made repeated efforts to get the United States Government to make the neeessary surveys of the proposed North Atlantic Telegraph route, and having failed to get that Government to give me its aid as petitioned for, I determined to charter a vessel, employ assistants, and go over the route myself, and see if there were so many formidable difficulties as had been supposed. Through the permission of the Secretary of the Navy at Wash- ington, the Navy Yard at Boston furnished me the necessary deep-sea sounding apparatus. I chartered the barque ‘Wyman,’ and sailed from Boston on the 29th of August (1859), for the eastern coast of Labrador. The vessel was fourteen years old, of 200 tons burthen. We had on board, master, two mates, cook, cabin boy, four men, and two boys before the mast. Mr. Samuel H. Putnam and Mr. Henry M. Sorrell, were my assistants, and my wife and son accompanied me throughout the voyage. This constituted the expedition. None of us had ever been in the Greenland seas, nor had we a chart north of the Strait of Belle Isle. To us it was an exploring expedition, and the omission of the owners of the vessel to provide us with the neces- sary charts, increased our risk, and decreased our chance of success. LABRADOR. After a voyage of fourteen days, we arrived off the mouth of Hamilton Inlet, and anchored at Brig Harbour, latitude 54'40. o 2

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