20 THE NORTH ATLANTIC TELEGRAPH. Many fishermen were here, who go annually from Newfoundland, and fish in the various arms of the sea at and about this part of the coast. With a small boat we went to many of the isles, ascended the mountains, and in every way possible studied the nature of the sea, the climate, the people, and the interior. The sea near the coast is very much divided by islands, some of which are perhaps ten miles long. The channels between these islands are navigable. The charts show a peninsula between Byron's Bay and Hamilton Inlet, but about twenty miles from the open sea there are several navigable channels connecting the inlet with the bay, and we saw a brig tack through one of them. Off the coast, and extending some twenty miles to sea, there are many rocky islands. Standing upon the Esquimaux Isles, at the north part of the inlet, many of these rocky isles were seen, against which were lodged icebergs. Icebergs were grounded, both to the north and to the south of the inlet, but none grounded seaward at the mouth of the inlet. The most of the bergs were north- ward. While at anchor in Brig Harbour, Esquimaux Isles, there was a heavy gale, and we carefully watched the result at sea. Many of the bergs were moved from their groundings and broken to pieces. And, notwithstanding the wind was from the east, many of the icebergs floated south, and grounded south of the mouth of the inlet, but none entered it. We sounded off the inlet, and found deep water, and there were no shoals. From what could be learned, and from my own observations, I came to the conclusion that the waters of Hamilton Inlet entered the sea through deep valleys, precisely in contour as the lands indicated upon the coast, and that a cable could be laid in a deep valley or trench from the sea into the inlet. The bottoms of the sea and inlet were of fine sand and mud. We were informed by the old residents, that icebergs were seldom ever seen in the inlet, and as none came into it while we were there, although there was a heavy east gale, we were led to believe that there was a strong current from the inlet that forced the bergs to keep at sea. The climate in summer is mild. On the coast there is but little vegetation. About thirty miles interior there is considerable grass and wrood. Large trees of juniper, pine, and birch grow there. Turnips, cabbages, potatoes, and other vegetables are cultivated by the inhabitants. The winters are very severe, and the rivers and narrow channels are covered with ice about the thickness of the ice that makes at Quebec. The people are mostly Esquimaux, some few Indians, and there are a few white settlements. The Moravian missionaries of Hope- dale, Nain, &c., have Christianised the Esquimaux and Indians, and they are industrious compared with those living more north. The Hudson Bay Company has a station at the narrows of the inlet.

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