31 and Milton’s Paradise Lost. His annual income did not exceed £6 per annum. He said : “ Ever since I came into this world I have been wedded to poverty, who has now hugged me close to her bosom these seventy winters, and whether we shall ever be separated here below is only known to him who joined us together.” The church at Thingvalla is about 25 feet by 10 feet, and like the rest was built by subscription. Land is set apart by the government as endowment The pastor receives marriage fees and tithes on farm- stock and produce. A house is also provided for him, which he is bound to keep in good repair. On ordination he is presented with from one to four cows and six to twenty sheep according as to whether the living is a good or poor one, and on leaving he is required either to return these in good condition or provide satisfactory substitutes. The average income of a well paid clergyman from all sources does not probably exceed £50 a year, and in many cases the stipend is not half that amount. Around the churches were small green mounds showing where “ The rude forefathers of the hamlet slept,” not a block of stone, mark, inscription or cross of wood was to be seen ; for here the hardy Icelander “ Lies in peace with all his humble race And has no stone to mark his burial place.” We learned in winter burials are attended with considerab'y difficulty, as it takes three or four people a whole day to dig a shallow grave owing to the depth of the frost ? and in many parts of the island where the people are at a distance from any church they preserve the corpse the whole winter and inter it the following spring. Although the height of summer there had been no service for five weeks, but we were informed that usually on a fine Sunday the country people pouf in from great distances mounted on every description of horse. In each family the father usually rides first, then the wife riding astride in man-fashion, with the baby behind her clinging to her waist, the more capable youngsters generally riding in couples, two to every horse. Upon arrival horses are hobbled, toilets gone through unflinchingly under the public gaze, and then they betake themselves to worship. Many of the churches 'yn'yrvw'rwvr'rv-ir-

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